Table 3.

Fungal-mediated synthesis of Co and Co₃O₄ NPs

Fungal species used	NPs	Characterization	Size (nm)	Shape	References
Aspergillus nidulans	Cobalt oxide	XRD, TEM, FTIR, and EDX	20.29	Spherical	[34]
Aspergillus brasiliensis	Cobalt oxide	DLS, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, and FESEM	20–27	Quasi-spherical	[83]
Nothapodytes foetida	Cobalt oxide	UV-vis	N/A	H/A	[85]
Yeast	Cobalt oxide	SEM, XRD, and FT-IR	24	Hollow spheres	[86]

Abbreviations: NPs, nanoparticles; NA, not available; UV-vis, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction; HR-TEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray(spectroscopy); FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; VSM, vibrating-sample magnetometer; FESEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy.