Table 3.
Steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19
| Trial identifier | Title | Interventions | Dose | Age (in years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04425863 | Evaluation of ivermectin, aspirin, dexamethasone, and enoxaparin as treatment of Covid19 | Ivermectin; aspirin; dexamethasone; enoxaparin | Dexamethasone 4 mg/day IV | ≥ 5 |
| NCT04395105 | Dexamethasone versus usual care for the treatment of COVID-19 related ARDS: a multicenter and randomized open-label clinical trial | Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone 16 mg IV OD from days 1 to 5 and 8 mg from days 6 to 10 | ≥ 18 |
| NCT02735707 | Randomized, embedded, multifactorial adaptive platform trial for community-acquired pneumonia |
1. Fixed-duration Hydrocortisone 2. Shock-dependent hydrocortisone 3. Ceftriaxone 4. Moxifloxacin or Levofloxacin 5. Piperacillin-tazobactam 6. Ceftaroline 7. Amoxicillin-clavulanate 8. Macrolide administered for 3–5 days 9. Macrolide administered for up to 14 days 10. Five days of oseltamivir 11. Ten days of oseltamivir 12. Lopinavir/ritonavir 12. Hydroxychloroquine 13. Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir 14. Interferon-β1a 15. Anakinra 16. Fixed-duration higher dose hydrocortisone 17. Tocilizumab 18.Sarilumab |
1. Fixed-duration hydrocortisone 50 mg IV q 6 h × 7 days 2. Shock-dependant hydrocortisone 50 mg IV q 6 h while in septic shock 3. Fixed-duration higher dose hydrocortisone—100 mg IV every 6 h × 7 days |
> 18 |
| NCT04377503 | Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab versus methylprednisolone in the cytokine release syndrome of patients with COVID-19. A prospective randomized controlled phase II trial |
1. Tocilizumab 180 mg/ml 2. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate |
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate 1.5 mg/kg/day BD × 7 days followed by 1 mg/kg/day × 7 days, finally 0.5 mg/kg/day × 21 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04343729 | Methylprednisolone in the treatment of patients with signs of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Covid-19 (MetCOVID) | Methylprednisolone sodium succinate | Methylprednisolone sodium succinate 0.5 mg/kg | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04327401 | COVID-19-associated ARDS treated with dexamethasone: Alliance Covid-19 Brasil III (CoDEX) | Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone 20 mg IV 1/day × 5 days followed by 10 mg IV 1/day × 5 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04374474 | Olfactory retraining therapy and budesonide nasal rinse for anosmia treatment in patients post-CoVID 19. A randomized controlled trial |
1. Corticosteroid nasal irrigation 2. Smell household items; olfactory retraining |
Budesonide 240 ml nasal irrigation with Pulmicort Respules (0.5 mg) across both nose sides | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04263402 | An open, prospective/retrospective, randomized controlled cohort study to compare the efficacy of different hormone doses in the treatment of 2019-nCoV severe pneumonia | Methylprednisolone |
1. Methylprednisolone < 40 mg/day IV drip × 7 days 2. Methylprednisolone 40 to 80 mg/day IV drip × 7 days |
≥ 18 |
| NCT04244591 | Glucocorticoid therapy for critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory infections caused by COVID-19: a prospective, randomized controlled trial | Methylprednisolone therapy. Others: standard care | Methylprednisolone 40 mg q. 12 h × 5 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04273321 | Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in COVID-19: a prospective randomized controlled trials | Methylprednisolone | Accord with the clinical diagnosis and/or etiological diagnosis diagnostic criteria | 18–75 |
| ChiCTR2000029386 | Effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial | Methylprednisolone and intravenous injection | Methylprednisolone 1–2 mg/kg/day IV × 3 days | ≥ 18 |
| ChiCTR2000029656 | A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) | Methylprednisolone | Not available | ≥ 18 |
| ChiCTR2000030481 | The clinical value of corticosteroid therapy timing in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): a prospective randomized controlled trial | Not mentioned | Not available | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04348305 | Low-dose hydrocortisone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxia - the COVID STEROID Trial | Hydrocortisone | Hydrocortisone continuous infusion: 200 mg q 24 h bolus injections 50 mg (10 ml) every 6 h × 7 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04331054 | Protective role of inhaled steroids for Covid-19 infection |
1. Usual practice 2. Usual practice + Symbicort Rapihaler |
Symbicort (budesonide, formoterol) 200/6 μg, 2 puffs bid × 30 days | 18–75 |
| NCT04361474 | A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity |
1. Budesonide nasal spray 2. Physiological serum |
Budesonide 1 mg/2 ml diluted in 250 ml of physiological saline 3 syringes of 20 ml in each nasal cavity BD × 30 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04359511 | Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Grand Ouest Interregion France |
1. Prednisone 2. Hydrocortisone |
Prednisone 0.7 mg/kg/day PO OD × 10 days or hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 3.5 mg/kg/day continuous infusion × 10 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04347980 | Dexamethasone combined with hydroxychloroquine compared to hydroxychloroquine alone for treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial |
1. Dexamethasone and hydroxychloroquine 2. Hydroxychloroquine |
Dexamethasone 20 mg IV OD for 15 min × 5 days followed by 10 mg OD × 5 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04344730 | Dexamethasone and oxygen support strategies in ICU patients with Covid-19 pneumonia (COVIDICUS) | Dexamethasone injection + conventional oxygen | Dexamethasone 20 mg/5 ml IV | 18–80 |
| NCT04344288 | Corticosteroids during Covid-19 viral pneumonia related to SARS-Cov-2 infection (CORTI-Covid) | Prednisone | Prednisone 0.75 mg/kg/day × 5 days then 20 mg/day × 5 more days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04331054 | Protective role of inhaled steroids for Covid-19 infection |
1. Usual practice 2. Usual practice + Symbicort Rapihaler |
Symbicort (budesonide, formoterol) 200/6 μg 2 puffs bid × 30 days | 18–75 |
| NCT04331470 | Evaluation of efficacy of levamisole and formoterol + budesonide in treatment of COVID-19 |
1. Levamisole pill + budesonide + formoterol inhaler/lopinavir/ritonavir + hydroxychloroquine 2. Lopinavir/ritonavir + hydoxychloroquine |
Budesonide + formoterol inhalation 1–2 puffs q 12 h | 15–100 |
| IRCT20080901001165N52 | Investigating the efficacy of high dose of glucocorticoid in patients with moderate to severe pneumonia related to COVID-19 | Methylprednisolone and prednisolone |
Day 1: Amp. methylprednisolone 500 mg IV infusion over 1 hour. At days 2 and 3: Amp. methylprednisolone 250 mg IV infusion over 1 h. At days 4 and 5: Amp. methylprednisolone 100 mg IV infusion over 1 h. Then, tab. prednisolone 25 mg PO daily until the day of discharge, then tab. prednisolone will gradually tapered off over 1 month |
18–85 |
| IRCT20200204046369N1 | Evaluation of methylprednisolone administration as a therapeutic option in the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a non-randomized controlled study | Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone 20 mg/day | ≥ 18 |
| IRCT20200318046812N2 | Safety and efficacy of “Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin + naproxen + Prednisolone” and “Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin + naproxen” regimens in comparison with “Hydroxychloroquine + kaletra” on the need for intensive care unit treatment in patients with COVID-19; a randomized, multicenter, parallel | Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, naproxen , prednisolone | Prednisolone five 5 mg tablets a day × 5 days | 16–100 |
| IRCT20151227025726N17 | Evolution of the efficacy and safety of Dexamethasone administration in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 acute respiratory disease syndrome | Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone 20 mg IV days 1–5, then 10 mg days 6–10 | ≥ 18 |
| IRCT20120225009124N4 | Efficacy of different methods of administration of combination regimen including dexamethasone, IV-IG and interferon beta for treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial | Dexamethasone, IV-IG and interferon beta | Not available | 18–70 |
| IRCT20200406046963N1 | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in treatment of COVID-19 patients with ARDS. | Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone 1000 mg for 3 days | 18–90 |
| IRCT20200404046947N1 | Study of methylprednisolone effects on treatment and clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of Iranian COVID-19 patients: a clinical trial study | Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone 250 mg for 3 days | ≥ 18 |
| IRCT20081027001411N3 | Study of prednisolone effects on treatment and clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of Iranian COVID-19 patients: a clinical trial study | Prednisolone | Prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg in three divided doses up to 30 mg per day for 5–7 days | ≥ 18 |
| IRCT20120215009014N354 | Evaluating the effect of intravenous hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone in treatment of patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19: a double blind randomized clinical trial | Hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone |
Group 1: Hydrocortisone 50 mg IV q. 6 h × 5 days Group 2: Methylprednisolone 40 mg IV q 12 h ×5 days Group 3: Dexamethasone IV 20 mg daily × 5 days |
18–70 |
| NCT04323592 | Methylprednisolone for patients with COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome (MP-C19) | Methylprednisolone and other standard care | Methylprednisolone 80 mg/kg IV bolus | 18–80 |
| KCT0005105 | A trial of ciclesonide in adults with mild COVID-19 |
1. Ciclesonide (Alvesco®) 320 μg inhalation twice a day for 14 days 2. Ciclesonide (Alvesco®) 320 μg inhalation twice a day for 14 days + hydroxychloroquine 400 mg per day for 10 days |
Ciclesonide (Alvesco®) 320 μg inhalation BD × 14 days | 19–100 |
| NCT04345445 | Study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab versus corticosteroids in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with high risk of progression |
1. Tocilizumab IV 2. Methylprednisolone IV |
Methylprednisolone 120 mg/day for 3 days | 18–80 |
| NCT04435795 | Ciclesonide clinical trial for COVID-19 treatment | Ciclesonide | Ciclesonide 600 μg BID inhaled with aerochamber + Nasal ciclesonide 200 μg DIE | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04360876 | Targeted steroids for ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia: a pilot randomized clinical trial |
1. Dexamethasone injection 2. Placebo |
Dexamethasone 20 mg IV OD 5 days followed by 10 mg OD × 5 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04366115 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 study evaluating AVM0703 in patients with COVID-19 |
1. AVM0703 2. Placebo 3. Hydrocortisone |
1. AVM0703 (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) 10 mg/ml single IV infusion in NS over 1 hour 2. Hydrocortisone dose not available |
≥ 18 |
| NCT04355247 | Prophylactic corticosteroid to prevent COVID-19 cytokine storm | Methylprednisolone 80 mg/ml injectable suspension | Methylprednisolone 80 mg IV bolus injection OD × 5 days | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04438980 | Treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with glucocorticoids. A randomized controlled trial |
1. Methylprednisolone 2. Placebo |
Methylprednisolone 120 mg/day IV infusion × 3 days | 18–80 |
| NCT04394182 | Low doses of lung radiation therapy in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia: prospective multicentric study in radiation oncology centers |
1. Ultra-low-dose radiotherapy 2. Ventilatory support with oxygen therapy 3. Lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, Low molecular weight heparin, corticosteroid injection, tocilizumab |
Methylprednisolone 250 mg × 3 boluses | 18–120 |
| NCT04380818 | Low dose anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia by COVID-19: multi-central prospective study |
1. Low-dose radiotherapy; hydroxychloroquine Sulfate 2. Ritonavir/lopinavir 3. Tocilizumab Injection (Actemra) 4. Azithromycin 5. Corticosteroid 6. Low molecular weight heparin; oxygen supply |
Not available | 18–99 |
| NCT04355637 | Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients hospitalized because of COVID19 pneumonia | Inhaled budesonide | Not available | 18–79 |
| NCT04341038 | Clinical trial to evaluate methylprednisolone pulses and tacrolimus in patients with COVID-19 lung injury (TACROVID) |
1. Tacrolimus 2. Methylprednisolone |
Methylprednisolone 120 mg daily × 3 days | Not available |
| NCT04329650 | Efficacy and safety of siltuximab vs. corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia |
1. Siltuximab 2. Methylprednisolone |
Methylprednisolone 250 mg/24 h | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04325061 | Efficacy of dexamethasone treatment for patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 (DEXA-COVID19) | Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone 20 mg/IV/daily × 5 days | > 18 |
| 2020-001827-15 | Early treatment of pneumonia Covid-19 with glucocorticoids. randomized controlled clinical trial | Methylprednisolone and hydroxychloroquine | Not available | ≥ 18 |
| 2020-001622-64 | Outpatient treatment of Covid-19 with early pulmonary corticosteroids as an opportunity to modify the course of the disease | Prednisone | Not available | 18–74 |
| 2020-001934-37 | Use of corticosteroids in patients with SARS-CoV2 coronavirus infection (glucocovid) pragmatic trial inserted in real practice during a pandemic covid-19 | Methylprednisolone | Not available | 18–85 |
| 2020-001413-20 | Phase 2, randomized, open-label study to compare the efficacy and safety of siltuximab vs. corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia | Methylprednisolone and siltuximab | Not available | ≥ 18 |
| 2020-001445-39 | Pragmatic, controlled, open, single center, randomized, phase Ii clinical trial to evaluate methylprednisolone pulses and tacrolimus in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia secondary to COVID-19. |
1. Methylprednisolone 2. Tacrolimus |
Not available | ≥ 18 |
| 2020-001307-16 | Efficacy and safety of corticoids in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19. | Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate | Not available | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04381364 | Inhalation of ciclesonide for patients with COVID-19: a randomised open treatment study (HALT COVID-19) | Ciclesonide inhalation | Ciclesonide inhalation 320 μg BD × 14 days | 18–84 |
| NCT04416399 | Use of high dose inhaled corticosteroids as treatment of early COVID-19 infection to prevent clinical deterioration and hospitalization | Budesonide dry powder inhaler | Budesonide 400 μg per inhalation, 2 inhalations twice a day × 28 days | > 18 |
| NCT04381936 | Randomized evaluation of COVID-19 therapy |
1. Lopinavir-ritonavir 2. Dexamethasone/prednisolone 3. Hydroxychloroquine 4. Azithromycin 5. Biological: convalescent plasma 6. Tocilizumab |
Dexamethasone 6 mg PO OD × 10 days | Child, adult, older adult |
| NCT04411667 | Randomized open label study of standard of care plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) compared to standard of care alone in the treatment of COVID-19 infection | IVIG (Octagam) premedication and methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone 40 mg IV push × 1 30–50 min before each IVIG infusion | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04377711 | A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and efficacy of ciclesonide metered-dose inhaler in non-hospitalized patients 12 years of age and older with symptomatic COVID-19 infection |
1. Ciclesonide 2. Placebo |
Alvesco (ciclesonide) 320 μg b.i.d. × 30 days via pMDI | 12–100 |
| NCT04349410 | The fleming [FMTVDM] directed CoVid-19 treatment protocol |
1. Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin 2. Hydroxychloroquine, doxycycline 3. Hydroxychloroquine, clindamycin 4. Hydroxychloroquine, clindamycin, primaquine—low dose 5. Hydroxychloroquine, clindamycin, primaquine—high dose 6. Remdesivir 7. Tocilizumab 8. Methylprednisolone 9. Interferon-Alpha2B 10: Losartan plus convalescent serum |
Methylprednisolone 80 mg IV over 30 min b.i.d. × 7 days, then taper off | Child, adult, older adult |
| NCT04193878 | Arrest respiratory failure from pneumonia (Arrest pneumonia) |
1. Inhaled budesonide and formoterol 2. Inhaled placebo |
Formoterol aerosolized—20 μg/2 ml) and budesonide—1.0 mg/2 ml q 12 h × 14 doses | ≥ 18 |
| NCT03852537 | SMART Trial: steroid dosing by biomarker guided titration in critically ill patients with pneumonia | Methylprednisolone. Other: usual care | Methylprednisolone—predetermined dosing table—discontinue if CR < 0.5 mg; 0.5 mg if CRP is 51–100 mmol/L or 0.75 mg/kg if CRP level is 101–150 mmol/L; 1 mg/kg if CRP 151–200 mmol/L or 1.5 mg/kg if CRP level > 200 mmol/L or dose equivalent of oral prednisone for the above | ≥ 18 |
| NCT04374071 | Early short course corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 | Methylprednisolone |
1. Methylprednisolone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day IV in two divided doses × 3 days 2. Hydroxychloroquine and IV methylprednisolone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses × 3–7 days |
≥ 18 |