Fig 1. Predicted number of functional limitations by gender, age, and race/ethnicity/nativity.

These predictions are based on the HRS 1998–2014 sample, regardless of employment status, which is described in S1 Appendix. Predictions are based on a Poisson model with an individual-level random effect including age (centered on 60 years), age squared, race/ethnicity/nativity (REN), an interaction between age and REN, marital status and wave as predictors.