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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2018 May 24;28:90–97. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.009

Figure 1. Generalized mosquito densovirus life cycle.

Figure 1

Green indicates DNV virions (hexagons) or infected mosquito lifestages. Gray indicates uninfected mosquito lifestages. A). DNVs can be transovarially transmitted between infected female mosquitoes and their eggs. B). Transstadial transmission of DNV between mosquito stages and throughout the mosquito lifecycle can lead to infected adults. Infected larval stages can shed DNV particles into the environment. C). DNV infection can result in larval death and dead larvae can shed virions into the larval environment. D). DNVs can be transmitted horizontally to uninfected larvae through the larval water. E). Female mosquitoes infected with DNV can deposit virions into the larval environment through egg coatings or secretions during oviposition. F). DNVs can also be transmitted venereally. G). Commercial preparations of DNVs could be applied to larval environments for the purpose of mosquito or pathogen control.