Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who underwent liver transplantation in the United States 2008–2017 †
| Women (n = 9,700) | Men (n = 17,594) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, comorbidities, and liver disease history | ||||
| Age at listing, years | 55 (48–61) | 55 (48–60) | <0.001 | |
| Ethnicity | White | 70.5 | 75.3 | <0.001 |
| Black | 11.2 | 8.4 | ||
| Hispanic | 14.2 | 12.9 | ||
| Asian | 2.4 | 2.3 | ||
| Other | 1.7 | 1.2 | ||
| Liver diagnosis | Alcohol | 16.2 | 26.2 | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C | 23.1 | 33.2 | ||
| NASH/Cryptogenic | 28.5 | 20.2 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 1.1 | 2.2 | ||
| Autoimmune/cholestatic | 23.1 | 9.4 | ||
| Other | 8.0 | 8.9 | ||
| History of prior transplant | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.17 | |
| Height, cm | 163 (158–168) | 178 (173–183) | <0.001 | |
| Obesity | 42.1 | 41.6 | 0.42 | |
| Diabetes | 25.0 | 24.9 | 0.80 | |
| Insurance | Private | 52.1 | 56.0 | <0.001 |
| Medicare | 17.4 | 14.5 | ||
| Medicaid | 28.1 | 24.4 | ||
| Blood type | A | 35.1 | 36.5 | 0.14 |
| B | 13.7 | 13.7 | ||
| AB | 5.7 | 5.4 | ||
| O | 45.4 | 44.4 | ||
| Region risk | Low | 49.0 | 48.9 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 15.6 | 17.9 | ||
| High | 35.4 | 33.3 | ||
| Time on waitlist, days | 51 (11–209) | 47 (11–186) | 0.001 | |
| Clinical characteristics at time of transplant | ||||
| Age, years | 56 (49–62) | 55 (49–61) | <0.001 | |
| MELDNa | 29 (23–35) | 28 (22–35) | <0.001 | |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 73.5 | 74.1 | 0.32 | |
| Ascites | 86.2 | 87.2 | 0.02 | |
| Portal vein thrombus | 11.3 | 11.7 | 0.34 | |
| Dialysis | 23.9 | 20.7 | <0.001 | |
| Life support | 10.6 | 8.4 | <0.001 | |
| Karnofsky Performance Status | 40 (20–60) | 50 (20–70) | <0.001 | |
| KPS Category | Unable to care for self | 52.9 | 49.2 | <0.001 |
| Unable to work | 37.0 | 38.4 | ||
| Normal activity | 10.1 | 12.4 | ||
| Donor risk index | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | <0.001 | |
| Health resource utilization pre-transplant | ||||
| Hospitalized pre-transplant | 44.0 | 39.0 | <0.001 | |
| Prolonged hospitalization (> 10d) pre-transplant | 24.1 | 19.8 | <0.001 | |
| Transplanted from ICU | 18.0 | 14.1 | <0.001 | |
†
Data presented as percent or median (interquartile range)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); Model for End-Stage Liver Disease with Sodium (MELDNa); Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS); intensive care unit (ICU).