Table 3. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy for S. japonicum (stool examination as a reference standard).

	ELISA			IHA			PCR
	Estimate	95% CI		Estimate	95% CI		Estimate	95% CI
Sensitivity	0.93	0.84	0.98	0.97	0.90	0.99	0.89	0.71	0.96
Specificity	0.40	0.29	0.53	0.66	0.58	0.73	0.49	0.29	0.69
Positive Likelihood Ratio	1.6	1.3	1.8	2.8	2.2	3.6	1.7	1.3	2.4
Negative Likelihood Ratio	0.17	0.08	0.35	0.05	0.01	0.17	0.23	0.11	0.49
Diagnostic Odds Ratio	9.0	4.0	20	60	15	242	8.0	4.0	16
Positive Predictive Value	0.43	0.40	0.45	0.30	0.27	0.32	0.35	0.33	0.38
Negative Predictive Value	0.92	0.91	0.94	0.96	0.94	0.97	0.91	0.89	0.93

Note: CI-Confidence interval; ELISA-Enzyme-Linked immuno sorbent assay; IHA-Indirect haemagglutination assay; PCR-Polymerase chain reaction.