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Schematic illustration of the activation mechanism of NOX1/4. NOX1 activation depends on NOXA1, NOXO1 (which is phosphorylated by PKA/PKC), Rac, and p22phox. The activated NOX1 generates superoxides at the expense of DPH; NOX4 activation requires p22phox and predominantly catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Abbreviations: PKC: protein kinase C; PKA: protein kinase A.
