Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with painful colonoscopy in the training cohort.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≥50 | 1 | 1 | ||
| <50 | 1.52 (0.93–2.48) | .092 | 1.46 (0.84–2.53) | .179 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 | |||
| Male | 0.68 (0.42–1.11) | .120 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | ||
| Single | 2.25 (0.95–5.32) | .065 | 1.36 (0.51–3.59) | .538 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≥18.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| <18.5 | 2.96 (1.55–5.66) | .001 | 2.18 (1.09–4.37) | .028 |
| Constipation | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.70 (1.43–5.11) | .002 | 2.45 (1.25–4.80) | .009 |
| Colonoscopy indication | ||||
| Screening | 1 | |||
| Surveillance | 1.57 (0.33–7.46) | .568 | ||
| Diagnostic | 0.80 (0.43–1.48) | .470 | ||
| Previous surgery (pelvic or abdominal) | ||||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| No | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) | .929 | ||
| HAD scale | ||||
| <8 | 1 | |||
| ≥8 | 1.02 (0.52–1.98) | .964 | ||
| Level of education | ||||
| Elementary school or no education | 1 | |||
| Higher than elementary school | 0.78 (0.47–1.32) | .356 | ||
| Normal abdominal pain | ||||
| No and slight | 1 | |||
| Moderate and severe | 1.29 (0.80–2.09) | .295 | ||
| Expectation of pain | ||||
| No and slight | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderate and severe | 2.50 (1.42–4.43) | .002 | 2.06 (1.12–3.79) | .021 |
BMI = body mass index, HAD = hospital anxiety and depression.