Table 1.
Prevalencea of laryngeal injury by grade after extubation.
| GRADE/Injury | Patients | Study N | Studies Reporting: Count (%) |
Prevalence: % (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRADE 0 | ||||
| No injury | 2052 | 2328 | 16 (76) | 80 (69, 88) |
| GRADE I | ||||
| Arytenoid edema | 42 | 50 | 1 (5) | 84 |
| Vocal process(es) erythema | 15 | 23 | 1 (5) | 65 |
| Tracheal irritation | 52 | 100 | 1 (5) | 52 |
| Interarytenoid edema | 34 | 73 | 2 (10) | 47 |
| Vocal process(es) edema | 4 | 23 | 1 (5) | 17 |
| Reinke space edema | 7 | 53 | 1 (5) | 13 |
| Edema | 91 | 574 | 8 (38) | 11 (3, 35) |
| Interarytenoid erythema | 2 | 23 | 2(10) | 9 |
| Post-cricoid edema | 2 | 23 | 1 (5) | 9 |
| Erythema | 59 | 581 | 5 (24) | 8 (2, 30) |
| Subglottic mucosa erythema | 2 | 123 | 2 (10) | 2 |
| GRADE II | ||||
| Thickening of vocal folds | 16 | 116 | 3 (14) | 10 (0.3, 83) |
| Ulceration | 10 | 100 | 1 (5) | 10 |
| Inter-arytenoid fibrin | 11 | 123 | 2 (10) | 9 |
| Vocal process(es) fibrin | 2 | 23 | 1 (5) | 9 |
| Hematoma, petichiae | 122 | 2368 | 13 (62) | 4 (2, 10) |
| Granuloma/granulation | 3 | 186 | 2 (10) | 2 |
| Laceration | 12 | 1475 | 2 (10) | 1 |
| Vocal process(es) ulceration | 0 | 23 | 1 (5) | 0 |
| GRADE III | ||||
| Paralysis | 9 | 3878 | 4 (19) | 0.4 (0.1, 3) |
| Subluxation | 4 | 4093 | 2 (10) | 0.1 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval
a
Estimated average prevalence (95% confidence intervals) were computed by applying the inverse-logit transformation. Confidence intervals were calculated only for injuries reported by ≥3 studies. Raw data are available in Electronic Supplementary Material 3.