Table 2.
Results of the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses investigating statistical associations between high VL, various covariates, and pregnancy loss
| Maternal characteristic | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Independent variable under investigation | ||
| High VL | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.81 (0.96-3.42) | 2.38 (1.10-5.18) |
| Covariates | ||
| Age at conception, per year increase | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) | 0.88 (0.80-0.97) |
| Prior pregnancy history | ||
| No prior pregnancies | 1.00 | 1,00 |
| Prior pregnancies, no history of pregnancy loss | 0.18 (0.07-0.49) | 0.32 (0.10-0.96) |
| Prior pregnancies, history of pregnancy loss | 25.50 (13.00-50.01) | 77.00 (25.38-233.68) |
| Socioeconomic index, per unit increase | 1.10 (0.66-1.86) | 1.23 (0.67-2.27) |
| Nearest clinic <5.0 km away | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.93 (0.39-2.20) | 0.73 (0.28-1.92) |
| History of tuberculosis infection | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.59 (0.49-5.17) | 2.19 (0.47-10.18) |
| Antiretroviral therapy at time of VL measurement | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.65 (0.36-1.17) | 0.92 (0.42-1.99) |
| Timing of VL in relation to conception | ||
| Pre-conception | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Post-conception | 0.29 (0.14-0.63) | 0.07 (0.03-0.20) |
| Months between VL measurement and pregnancy outcome, per month increase | 0.72 (0.42-1.23) | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) |
| CD4 count <500 cells/mm3 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.64 (0.76-3.54) | 1.58 (0.63-3.94) |
OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, VL: Viral load. Reference category ORs set at 1.00.