The risk factors included in the model are sex, race, education, BMI, tobacco smoking, COPD history and family history of lung cancer. The X-axis is the age of cohort entry. The curves depict average risk of individuals in different PRS deciles as specified by the legends. The dashed curve represents the average risk of the overall population in different ages based on the final model which include all risk factors and PRS-114. The divergence of the risk curves represents the contribution of PRS and increasing age. The blue horizontal dotted line represents 1.5% of 5-year absolute risks of lung cancer.