Figure 2 – Sample tubers distributions from children with and without a history of infantile spasms.

Tubers were segmented from all 123 children using a semi-automated approach and registered to a common brain atlas (MNI 6th gen. atlas). Example tuber distributions are shown in red from the seventy-four children with infantile spasms (A) and the forty-nine children without infantile spasms (B), demonstrating that both groups included children with high tuber burdens (Participants H1 and H2) as well as low tuber burdens (Participants L1 and L2) that could not be visibly distinguished from one another.