Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios from Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) Models on IPV and Engagement in HIV Care and Treatment.
| Self-reported 90%−100% ART Adherence | Missed 1+ Clinic Appointment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPV Variables | Unadjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) | Unadjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) |
| Physical IPV | ||||
| No violence | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Victim only | 0.41 (0.10, 1.68) | 0.28 (0.08, 0.92)* | 0.97 (0.47, 2.00) | 1.17 (0.46, 2.99) |
| Perpetrator only | 0.40 (0.07, 2.06) | 0.28 (0.07, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.34, 2.25) | 1.03 (0.35, 3.06) |
| Bidirectional | 0.17(0.04, 0.71)* | 0.10 (0.02, 0.51)** | 2.49 (0.97, 6.39) | 4.04 (1.35, 12.14)* |
| Sexual IPV | ||||
| No violence | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Victim only | 0.91 (0.18,4.52) | 0.58 (0.08, 4.06) | 1.26 (0.66, 2.40) | 1.09 (0.51,2.33) |
| Perpetrator only | 0.79 (0.09, 6.98) | 0.53 (0.05, 5.40) | 0.33 (0.07, 1.40) | 0.28 (0.06, 1.42) |
| Bidirectional | 0.28 (0.08, 0.90)* | 0.14 (0.02, 0.80)* | 2.26 (1.19, 4.31)* | 1.86 (0.90, 3.87) |
| Emotional IPV | ||||
| No violence | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Victim or perpetrator | 2.03 (0.43, 9.65) | 1.62 (0.19,13.64) | 1.42 (0.78, 2.64) | 1.75 (0.82, 3.77) |
| Bidirectional | 0.60 (0.16, 2.32) | 0.90 (0.10, 8.20) | 3.12 (1.64, 5.95)** | 3.78 (1.78, 8.05)** |
| N (couples) | 211 | 210 | 210 | 210 |
| N (persons on ART) | 339 | 333 | 341 | 341 |
Note.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
Adjusted models controlled for gender, couple HIV status, discrepancies between partners in violence reporting, age, education level, relationship duration, household wealth, duration of time on ART, treatment regimen complexity, and recruitment site. GEE models assumed an exchangeable correlation structure.