Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients by ACE/ARB and non-ACE/ARB use.
| ACE/ARB users | Non-ACE/ARB users | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 325 (8.1%) | n = 3694 (91.9%) | P-value | |||
| Age, y | 54.4 | (10.2) | 40.5 | (16.8) | <0.001 |
| <18 years | 1 | (0.3) | 293 | (7.9) | |
| 18-29 | 5 | (1.5) | 660 | (17.9) | |
| 30-39 | 19 | (5.8) | 974 | (26.4) | |
| 40-49 years | 85 | (26.2) | 725 | (19.7) | |
| 50-59 years | 115 | (35.4) | 540 | (14.6) | |
| 60 years and above | 100 | (30.8) | 495 | (13.4) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 96 | (29.5) | 1093 | (29.5) | 0.99 |
| Male | 229 | (70.5) | 2601 | (70.4) | |
| Nationality | |||||
| Kuwaiti | 194 | (59.7) | 2175 | (58.9) | 0.78 |
| Non-Kuwaiti | 131 | (40.3) | 1519 | (41.1) | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 137.1 | (18.3) | 125.1 | (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 81.7 | (10.6) | 77.1 | (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Heart Rate, bpm | 88.1 | (14.2) | 88.2 | (15.0) | 0.92 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 149 | (45.8) | 585 | (14.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 302 | (92.9) | 480 | (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 36 | (11.1) | 132 | (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, n (%) | 4 | (1.2) | 13 | (0.4) | 0.02 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 25 | (7.7) | 212 | (5.7) | 0.15 |
| Temperature on admission | 37.0 | (0.6) | 36.9 | (0.6) | 0.05 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 36 | (11.1) | 282 | (7.6) | 0.03 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 21 | (6.5) | 160 | (4.3) | 0.76 |
Statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
ICU; Intensive Care Unit.