TABLE 3.
A spectrum of hormones (other than ABA)/elicitors/PAMPs and other metabolites capable of inducing stomatal closure and the basis of their action.
| Compound | Effect on stomata | Plant | References |
| Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) | Produces ROS and NO and elevates of cytosolic Ca2+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | Khokon M.A. et al., 2011 |
| β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) | Triggers ABA accumulation under drought | Triticum aestivum | Du et al., 2012 |
| Cerato-platanin (CP) | Produces ROS and closes stomata | A. thaliana | Baccelli et al., 2014 |
| Chitin oligosaccharide (CTOS) | Elevates Ca2+ and activates SLAC1 | A. thaliana | Ye et al., 2020b |
| Chitosan | Mediates the production of NO, ROS and Ca2+ levels | Pisum sativum | Srivastava et al., 2009 |
| Cryptogein | Increases the levels of ROS and NO | A. thaliana | Gayatri et al., 2017 |
| γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | Represses 14-3-3 proteins and influx of anions into the vacuole | A. thaliana | Mekonnen et al., 2016 |
| Flagellin22 (flg22) | Accumulates ROS and activates SLAC | A. thaliana | Deger et al., 2015 |
| Harpin | Increases the levels of ROS and NO | A. thaliana | Gayatri et al., 2017 |
| Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Activates NOS and produces NO in guard cells | A. thaliana | Melotto et al., 2006 |
| Methyl jasmonate (MJ) | Promotes H2O2 production and cytosolic alkalinization | A. thaliana | Suhita et al., 2004 |
| Oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) | Increases cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS levels | Lycopersicon esculentum | Lee et al., 1999 |
| PAMP induced peptide 1 (PIP1) | Activates Ca2+ channels and S-type anion channels | A. thaliana | Shen et al., 2020 |
| Salicylic acid (SA) | Induce production of ROS, NO and cytosolic Ca2+ | A. thaliana | Khokon M.A. et al., 2011 |
| Yeast elicitor (YEL) | Produces ROS and NO production | A. thaliana | Khokon et al., 2010 |
The abbreviations are listed in the Appendix (last page).