Table 2.

Associations between biomarkers and SRH in linear regression analysis, adjusted for (i) age and gender and (ii) additionally for number of diseases and physical functioning.

Domain	Biomarker	MARK-AGE				CAMB				Health 2000
		βi	pi	+ physical functioning and number of diseases		βi	pi	+ physical functioning and number of diseases		βi	pi	+ physical functioning and number of diseases
				βii	pii			βii	pii			βii	pii
Muscle metabolism; renal health	Creatinine	− 0.0011	0.24	− 0.0012	0.15	–	–	–	–	− 0.00062	0.50	− 0.0016	0.046
	Creatinine in urine	0.00091	0.75	0.0030	0.24	–	–	–	–	− 0.00079	0.74	0.00084	0.69
Glucose and lipid metabolism	Adiponectin	− 0.0058	0.012	− 0.0028	0.18	–	–	–	–	− 0.0016	0.53	− 0.00050	0.82
Glucose metabolism	Insulin	0.014	< 0.001	0.0059	0.003	–	–	–	–	0.0011	0.007	0.00036	0.32
	Glucose	0.089	< 0.001	0.043	< 0.001	0.047	< 0.001	0.0092	0.17	0.063	< 0.001	0.015	0.086
	Haemoglobin A1C, %	0.18	< 0.001	0.080	< 0.001	0.21	< 0.001	0.072	< 0.001	0.18	< 0.001	0.075	< 0.001
Iron metabolism	Ferritin	0.00025	0.18	0.00010	0.54	–	–	–	–	0.00055	< 0.001	0.00041	< 0.001
Lipid metabolism	HDL:Total cholesterol	− 0.011	< 0.001	− 0.0080	< 0.001	− 0.0089	< 0.001	− 0.0068	< 0.001	− 0.0098	< 0.001	− 0.0069	< 0.001
	HDL Cholesterol	− 0.33	< 0.001	− 0.16	< 0.001	− 0.27	< 0.001	− 0.16	< 0.001	− 0.24	< 0.001	− 0.10	0.001
	Cholesterol, total	− 0.074	< 0.001	− 0.015	0.31	− 0.034	< 0.001	− 0.0045	0.60	− 0.015	0.17	0.023	0.018
	LDL Cholesterol	− 0.062	< 0.001	− 0.010	0.55	− 0.027	0.039	0.0080	0.49	− 0.029	0.014	0.017	0.11
	Triglycerides	0.0020	< 0.001	0.0011	< 0.001	0.092	< 0.001	0.044	< 0.001	0.10	< 0.001	0.054	< 0.001
Nutrition; UVB exposure	25-OH-VitaminD	− 0.0052	< 0.001	− 0.0040	< 0.001	–	–	–	–	− 0.0064	< 0.001	− 0.0026	< 0.001
Nutrition (alcohol problem); liver function	Glutamyl transferase	0.0022	< 0.001	0.0013	0.009	–	–	–	–	0.0022	< 0.001	0.0016	< 0.001
One-carbon metabolism; CV health	Homocysteine	0.0070	0.008	0.0026	0.28	–	–	–	–	0.018	< 0.001	0.0056	0.019
Immune system	CRP	0.035	< 0.001	0.020	< 0.001	0.028	< 0.001	0.011	< 0.001	0.016	< 0.001	0.0053	0.004
Oxygen transfer	Haemoglobin	− 0.0052	0.30	− 0.0028	0.52	0.044	0.012	0.014	0.35	0.0011	0.27	0.0018	0.039

CRP  C-reactive protein, CV cardiovascular, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IU international unit, IL interleukin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, OH  hydroxyl, UVB ultraviolet B light, VLDL  very low-density lipoprotein.

This table presents the results for all biomarkers (n = 17) available in two or three data sets (MARK-AGE, CAMB, and/or Health 2000). Criteria for significant association of a biomarker was p < 0.05 in all data sets where it was analysed. p-values less than 0.05 are shown in bold. Results for all biomarkers are shown in Supplementary information 1.