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. 2021 Mar 17;11:6132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85137-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study outline. Tissue samples were obtained from a total of 104 progressive and 108 de novo MIBC patients. Samples were split into a discovery (26 samples) and validation phase (186 samples). Genes differently expressed between progressive and de novo MIBC patients were identified in the discovery phase by using gene expression microarray. None of the samples from the discovery phase were employed for the validation process. In this validation phase, the differential expression of 94 genes was evaluated. In survival analysis, RBPMS2 and DSC3 were identified as prognostic biomarkers for tumor progression in progressive and de novo MIBC, respectively; CALD1 and LCOR were identified as prognostic markers for CSS in progressive and de novo MIBC, respectively. CSS Cancer specific survival, FDR False discovery rate, SAMR Significance analysis of microarrays.