Table 3.
Overview of the diffusion-weighted imaging studies examining corpus callosum abnormities in ASD patients.
| References | Autism | Control | Method | Conclusion | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (F) | Age | VIQ | PIQ | FIQ | N (F) | Age | VIQ | PIQ | FIQ | FA | MD | RD | AD | ||
| Alexander et al. (49) | 43 (0) | 16.23 (6.70) | / | 107.49 (13.04) | / | 34 (0) | 16.44 (5.97) | / | 112.79 (12.08) | / | ROI | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | N.S. |
| Ameis et al. (50) | 71 (15) | 11.40 (3.40) | / | / | 95.0 (19.7) | 62 (25) | 10.80 (2.80) | / | / | 112.5 (17.1) | TBSS | ↓ | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. |
| Aoki et al. (51) | 567 (81) | 14.23 (/) | / | / | 106.42 (/) | 482 (116) | 15.47 (/) | / | / | 111.94 (/) | Meta | ↓ | ↑ | / | / |
| Aoki et al. (52) | 69 (7) | 8.90 (1.70) | 108 (16) | 110 (19) | 109 (17) | 50 (12) | 9.40 (1.50) | 114 (15) | 114 (14) | 114 (13) | TBSS | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Barnea-Goraly et al. (53) | 7 (0) | 14.60 (3.40) | 84 (17) | 121.5 (8) | 101 (12.2) | 9 (0) | 13.40 (2.80) | 105.2 (11.4) | 107 (10) | 107 (8.5) | Voxel based whole brain | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Barnea-Goraly et al. (54) | 13 (2) | 10.50 (2.00) | / | / | 85.9 (17.4) | 11 (2) | 9.60 (2.10) | / | / | 119.9 (13.3) | TBSS | ↓ | / | N.S. | ↓ |
| Bashat et al. (55) | 17 (/) | 1.8–3.3 | / | / | / | 41 (18) | 0.25–23 | / | / | / | ROI | ↑ | / | / | / |
| Brito et al. (56) | 8 (0) | 9.53 (1.83) | / | / | / | 8 (0) | 9.57 (1.36) | / | / | / | ROI | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Di et al. (57) | 297 (28) | 22.40 (/) | / | / | 107.87 (/) | 302 (30) | 22.2 (/) | / | / | 112.50 (/) | Meta | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Groen et al. (58) | 17 (3) | 14.40 (1.60) | 97 (19) | 100 (15) | 98 (18) | 25 (3) | 15.50 (1.80) | 105 (10) | 105 (11) | 105 (9) | Voxel based whole brain | ↓ | ↑ | / | / |
| Hong et al. (59) | 18 (0) | 8.69 (2.18) | / | / | 105.22 (21.12) | 16 (0) | 9.81 (1.91) | / | / | 106.13 (20.13) | ROI | N.S. | / | / | / |
| Keller et al. (60) | 34 (0) | 18.90 (7.30) | / | / | 102.0 (14.8) | 31 (0) | 18.90 (6.20) | / | / | 109.5 (9.0) | Voxel based whole brain | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Kumar et al. (61) | 32 (3) | 5.00 (/) | / | / | / | 16 (4) | 5.50 (/) | / | / | / | TBSS | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Nickel et al. (62) | 30 (11) | 35.40 (9.07) | / | / | 124.5 (12.26) | 30 (11) | 35.53 (8.30) | / | / | 123.63 (13.80) | Voxel based whole brain | ↓ | N.S. | / | / |
| Noriuchi et al. (63) | 7 (1) | 13.96 (2.68) | 93.7 (7.41) | 93.14 (8.07) | 92.71 (6.68) | 7 (1) | 13.36 (2.74) | / | / | 116.43 (9.50) | Voxel based whole brain | ↓ | / | / | / |
| Shukla et al. (64) | 26 (2) | 12.70 (0.60) | 105.6 (3.6) | 109.5 (3.3) | / | 24 (1) | 13.00 (0.60) | 108.2 (2.6) | 110.3 (2.5) | / | ROI | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | N.S |
| Shukla et al. (65) | 26 (1) | 12.80 (0.60) | 104.3 (3.4) | 108.8 (3.3) | / | 24 (1) | 13.00 (0.60) | 108.2 (2.6) | 110.3 (2.5) | / | TBSS | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | N.S. |
| Thomas et al. (66) | 12 (0) | 28.50 (9.70) | 105.08 (10.09) | 107.25 (13.9) | 106.92 (10.47) | 18(0) | 22.40 (4.10) | 109.8 (12.54) | 111 (10.03) | 111.6 (9.91) | ROI | N.S. | / | / | / |
| Travers et al. (67) | 100 (0) | 18.30 (8.50) | 96.3 (21.1) | 102.6 (17.9) | 100.1 (17.6) | 56 (0) | 18.90 (7.80) | 114.7 (13.2) | 116.3 (14.8) | 118.2 (13.2) | ROI | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Vogan et al. (68) | 61 (10) | 10.90 (2.00) | / | / | 102.2 (14.9) | 69 (18) | 11.10 (2.40) | / | / | 112.7 (11.6) | TBSS | ↓ | N.S. | N.S. | ↓ |
| Walker et al. (69) | 39 (11) | 4.63 (1.76) | / | / | / | 39 (13) | 4.74 (1.76) | / | / | / | TBSS | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Weinstein et al. (70) | 22 (/) | 3.20 (1.10) | / | / | / | 32 (/) | 3.40 (1.30) | / | / | / | TBSS | ↑ | N.S. | ↓ | N.S. |
For age and IQs, mean and standard deviation are reported. N (F): Number of subjects and female subjects; VIQ, Verbal IQ; PIQ, Performance IQ; FIQ, Full IQ; TBSS, Tract based spatial statistics; ROI, Region of interest; FA, Fractional anisotropy; MD, Mean diffusivity; RD, Radial diffusivity; AD, Axial diffusivity; ↑ or ↓, Increased or decreased in autism subjects compared to typically developing subjects; N.S, No significant group difference.