Figure 5.

CSF promotes GBM growth in vivo. (A) Schematic representation of the in vivo study design, showing injection site and timeline of the experiment. (B) Implanted tumor size. Mice receiving GBM cells co-injected with cCSF harbored larger tumors compared to the other groups. Interestingly, female mice developed bigger tumors than males. (C) Quantification of the tumor volumes overall and segregated by female and male mice in the different treatment groups. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 for cCSF vs. PBS; ##p < 0.05 for cCSF vs. ncCSF). (D) Immunohistochemistry staining for Ki67 in xenograft. A higher percentage of KI67+ cells were observed in the cCSF coinjected cohort. Scale bars = mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.