Table 3.
Multiple regression analysis of different symptom complexes defined by various questionnaires and scales in patients with cervical dystonia
| Symptom complex | Questionnaires and scales | B (95% CI) | Beta | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 64.490 (61.071–67.909) | < 0.001 | ||
| Emotional well-being | DNMSQuest emotional well-being domain, CDQ-24 emotional well-being domain, CDQ-24 social/family domaina | − 8.691 (− 14.391 to (− 2.991)) | − 0.352 | < 0.01 |
| Pain | TWSTRS part III, DNMSQuest sensory symptoms domain, CDQ-24 pain domain | − 7.057 [− 11.797 to (− 2.316)] | − 0.291 | < 0.01 |
| Stigma | DNMSQuest stigma domain, CDQ-24 stigma domain | − 4.785 (− 10.099 to 0.529) | − 0.205 | 0.08 |
| Motor severity | TWSTRS part I, UDRS, CGI | − 3.811 (− 7.986 to 0.364) | − 0.175 | 0.07 |
| Cognition | DNMSQuest domain cognition, MoCA | Deleted by backward elimination technique | ||
| Activities of daily living | DNMSQuest ADL domain, CDQ-24 ADL domain, TWSTRS part II | Deleted by backward elimination technique | ||
Bold values are statistically significant p < 0.05
Dependent variable: EQ-5D visual analogue scale
EQ-5D EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire, B unstandardized coefficient, beta standardized coefficient, 95% CI 95% Confidence Interval, DNMSQuest Dystonia Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, CDQ-24 Craniocervical dystonia questionnaire, TWSTRS Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, ADL activities of daily living
aThe Beck Depression Inventory failed to be included in this symptom complex