Figure 1.

Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in human bone marrow shows type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased abundance of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells. Scooped bone marrow (BM) from femoral head leftovers of orthopedic surgery was obtained from patients previously diagnosed to have T2D and controls without T2D (ND). (A) Lymphocytes were gated based on SSC-A vs. FSC-A, and singlets were selected from the FSC-A vs. FSC-H dot plot. (B) Subsequently, dead cells were excluded with Zombie NIR™ Fixable Viability Kit. (C–G) Lymphocytes were gated based on SSC-A vs. FSC-A, and singlets were selected from CD45⁺ cells to identify population subsets according to the staining for CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD19 (B lymphocytes), and CD16/CD56 (NK cells). (H–J) Gating for CD4 and CD8 (H) Bar graphs showing the frequency of CD4⁺ cells (I) CD8⁺ cells (J). Reported frequencies are illustrative of a representative case for each group. Values are mean ± SEM, with each point representing an individual case.