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. 2021 Mar 17;12:1714. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21976-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — a Representative images of IHC staining of Ac-KLF5. Red arrows indicate positive Ac-KLF5 staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. b Quantitative analyses of Ac-KLF5 expression in benign tissues, hyperplasia, and localized tumors of the prostate and metastases of PCa from both the visceral and bone tissues. Numbers of samples (n) are indicated in the figure. Data are shown in mean ± S.E.M. NS not significant; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t test). c Ac-KLF5 expression is positively correlated with CXCR4 expression in bone metastases of PCa patients, as indicated by representative images of IHC staining in two bone metastasis samples. Black arrow heads indicate stronger Ac-KLF5 and CXCR4 staining in the same cells from consecutive sections. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Pearson analyses of the expression of Ac-KLF5 and CXCR4 in 51 bone metastasis samples of PCa patients. ***p < 0.0001. e A schematic depicting how acetylation of KLF5 leads to bone metastasis by promoting osteoclast differentiation via transcriptionally activating CXCR4, which in turn increases IL-11 secretion. Representative images shown in a and c are statistically analyzed in b and d, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.