Table 1.

Differences between carbohydrate and other energy metabolites in blood between grass-fed and grain-fed beef cattle.

Biochemical name	Mean grass	Mean grain	Fold change*	p-value	q-value
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)	0.7129	1.3391	0.53	0.0011	0.0012
glucose	0.7449	1.2976	0.57	<0.0001	0.0001
glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)	1.9050	0.7356	2.59	0.4665	0.1536
Isobar: fructose 1,6-diphosphate, glucose 1,6-diphosphate, myo-inositol 1,4 or 1,3-diphosphate	1.7824	0.6545	2.72	<0.0001	<0.0001
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)	1.2024	1.0187	1.18	0.5649	0.1761
3-phosphoglycerate	0.8394	1.0488	0.80	0.1736	0.0673
Pyruvate	0.8469	1.9353	0.44	0.0298	0.0154
lactate	0.7172	1.0929	0.66	0.0033	0.0029
glycerate	0.9850	1.0354	0.95	0.4982	0.1610
Isobar: pentulose 5-phosphates	1.4289	1.0344	1.38	0.6027	0.1852
Ribulose	0.7385	0.8698	0.85	0.4468	0.1494
ribose	0.6935	1.4983	0.46	0.0037	0.0031
xylonate	1.2002	0.8599	1.40	0.1088	0.0458
xylose	0.9143	1.0736	0.85	0.1027	0.0437
xylitol	0.9268	1.1301	0.82	0.0291	0.0152
threitol	0.9706	1.0778	0.90	0.3613	0.1271
arabitol	0.7460	1.1139	0.67	0.0760	0.0341
fructose	1.0524	0.8536	1.23	0.0937	0.0408
sorbitol	0.8577	1.2186	0.70	0.0226	0.0124
mannose	0.8744	1.1021	0.79	0.0100	0.0067
erythronate	0.9914	0.9654	1.03	0.6685	0.2005
citrate	1.1010	0.9630	1.14	0.3635	0.1273
alpha-ketoglutarate	0.5824	1.4399	0.40	0.0001	0.0001
succinylcarnitine	0.8813	1.1859	0.74	0.0101	0.0067
succinate	0.7529	1.1785	0.64	0.0021	0.0020
fumarate	1.1280	0.8967	1.26	0.0538	0.0256
malate	0.9892	0.9472	1.04	0.4962	0.1610
acetylphosphate	0.9930	1.0004	0.99	0.8639	0.2402
pyrophosphate (PPi)	0.8382	1.3170	0.64	0.0218	0.0121
phosphate	0.9376	1.0350	0.91	0.0652	0.0304

^*The relative change of grass-fed to the grain-fed group from the mass spectrometry intensities measured in equivalent volume blood.