Table 2.

Summary of Comprehensive Cancer Control Policy, System, and Environmental Change Efforts

Focus	Description	Policy outcome
State program examples
Primary prevention
Tobacco prevention and control	Smoke-free air ordinance Tobacco taxation	Increased number of people in smoke-free and vape-free schools, parks, worksites, and businesses Prompt current smokers to quit and prevent youth initiation, as well as utilization of revenue to fund public health initiatives
Nutrition	Community gardens Healthy vending policy	Increase access to healthy foods Reduce consumption of unhealthy foods and promote good nutritional choices
UV exposure	Indoor tanning	Reduction in minors’ access to indoor tanning through policies that use age restrictions, require parental consent, and/or require parental accompaniment
Physical activity	Safe Routes to Schools Dual Use Agreements Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan	Alter the built environment and/or increase access to spaces to promote physical activity
HPV vaccination	Health system wide interventions	Increase vaccination uptake among 11–12 year olds
Early detection and screening
	Employer Cancer Screening	Increase access to screening by reducing structural barriers
	Medicaid Reimbursement	Increase access to screening by reducing patient costs
	Patient Navigation	Improve access to screening through care coordination
Survivorship
	Survivorship Care Planning	Improve and promote preventive health behaviors among cancer survivors
Tribal program examples
Primary prevention
Tobacco prevention and control	Smoke-free air ordinance Tobacco taxation	Smoke-free workplaces and casinos Reduction of smoking prevalence in youth, reduction of smoking prevalence in adults
Nutrition	Learn to Grow	Promotion of healthy eating among young children in childcare homes, increased access to foods by harvesting vegetables grown in childcare home gardens, and increased access to foods by supporting famers’ markets
Early Detection and Screening
	Patient Navigation	Reduce barriers associated with cancer screening through education and care coordination
	Employee Cancer Screening	Use of administrative leave or flextime to encourage employees to get cancer screening
	Patient Reminder Systems	Increase community demand and access to cancer screening
Pacific Island Jurisdiction program examples
Primary prevention
Tobacco prevention and control	Smoke-free air ordinance Tobacco taxation	Smoke-free schools, worksites, public places Reduction of tobacco consumption among adults and youth, allocation of revenue to non-communicable disease prevention activities
Betel nut use	Betel nut ban	Restrictions banning use among individuals under the age of 19
		Ban use in schools, workplaces, and places were health care services are being offered
Nutrition	Farm to Table	Increase access to healthy foods
HPV vaccination uptake	HPV Program in Schools	Increase vaccination uptake in adolescents through mandates within school systems
Alcohol consumption	Alcohol tax	Reduction of alcohol consumption and increased resources to non-communicable disease prevention activities