Table 1. Baseline Clinical, Demographic, and Hemodynamic Characterization of the Cohorts.
| Characteristic | HFpEF (MGH-ExS; n = 184) | Community cohort (FHS; n = 3047) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (interquartile range) | No. missing | Median (interquartile range) | No. missing | |
| Age, y | 63.0 (53.0-72.0) | 0 | 54.4 (48.2-60.3) | 0 |
| Female, No. (%) | 86 (46.7) | 0 | 1620 (53.2) | 0 |
| BMI | 32.4 (28.0-36.5) | 0 | 27.5 (24.4-31.4) | 0 |
| Internal work, watt | 32.4 (25.3-48.3) | 0 | 29.1 (24.1-34.9) | 0 |
| Proportional internal work | 0.27 (0.21-0.39) | 0 | 0.15 (0.12-0.20) | 0 |
| Aerobic efficiency, mL/W | 9.1 (7.6-10.0) | 0 | 9.0 (8.4-9.6) | 0 |
| Peak V̇o2, mL/kg/min | 13.3 (11.8-15.6) | 0 | 22.2 (17.9-27.4) | 2 |
| Peak watts | 85.8 (67.8-113.0) | 0 | 159.0 (123.0-213.0) | 0 |
| Peak RER | 1.17 (1.09-1.24) | 0 | 1.21 (1.15-1.28) | 0 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 62 (33.7) | 0 | 228 (7.5) | 10 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 131 (71.2) | 0 | 1456 (47.8) | 0 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | ||||
| Resting | 75.0 (66.0-85.0) | 0 | 71.0 (64.0-79.0) | 0 |
| Peak | 123.0 (103.1-138.0) | 0 | 153.0 (140.0-165.0) | 1 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Resting | 146.0 (132.0-165.0) | 0 | 122.0 (112.0-136.0) | 0 |
| Peak | 186.0 (162.0-209.5) | 1 | 180.0 (164.0-198.0) | 0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Resting | 75.0 (68.3-84.5) | 1 | 80.0 (74.0-84.0) | 0 |
| Peak | 86.0 (74.5-98.0) | 1 | 84.0 (78.0-90.0) | 0 |
| CavO2, mL/dL | ||||
| Resting | 6.0 (5.4-7.0) | 1 | NA | NA |
| Peak | 11.6 (10.5-13.0) | 6 | NA | NA |
| Upright RAP, mm Hg | ||||
| Resting | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | 9 | NA | NA |
| Peak | 12.0 (9.0-15.0) | 3 | NA | NA |
| Upright mean PAP, mm Hg | ||||
| Resting | 18.0 (16.0-22.0) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Peak | 40.0 (35.0-47.0) | 4 | NA | NA |
| Upright mean PCWP, mm Hg | ||||
| Resting | 7.0 (6.0-10.0) | 1 | NA | NA |
| Peak | 26.0 (20.0-30.0) | 11 | NA | NA |
| Cardiac output, L/min | ||||
| Resting | 4.7 (4.0-5.6) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Peak | 10.6 (8.2-13.3) | 0 | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CavO2, arteriovenous O2 content difference; FHS, Framingham Heart Study; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; MGH-ExS, Massachusetts General Hospital Exercise Study; NA, not applicable; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; V̇o2, oxygen uptake.