Table 2. Data on Morbidity and Mortality.

Morbidity type or mortality	Patients, No. (%)		Between-group difference, RD (95% CI)a	P value
	nCRT group (n = 114)	nCT group (n = 108)
All complications	54 (47.4)	46 (42.6)	4.8 (–8.2 to 17.5)	.48
Pneumonia	17 (14.9)	14 (13.0)	1.9 (–7.4 to 11.2)	.68
ARDS	3 (2.6)	2 (1.9)	0.8 (–7.4 to 11.2)	.95
Pneumothorax	2 (1.8)	1 (0.9)	0.8 (–4.2 to 5.8)	.96
Arrhythmia	5 (4.4)	3 (2.8)	1.6 (–4.1 to 7.4)	.78
Anastomotic leak	11 (9.6)	12 (11.1)	–1.5 (–6.8 to 9.9)	.72
Gastrointestinal bleeding	1 (0.9)	1 (0.9)	0 (–4.0 to 4.2)	.50
Liver function damage	2 (1.8)	0	1.8 (–1.7 to 6.5)	.50
Recurrent nerve injury	6 (5.3)	7 (6.5)	–1.2 (–5.4 to 8.1)	.70
Acute delirium	0	1 (0.9)	–0.9 (–2.4 to 5.1)	.98
Intrathoracic abscess	1 (0.9)	1 (0.9)	0 (–4.0 to 4.2)	.50
Wound infection	1 (0.9)	0	0.9 (–2.6 to 4.8)	.98
Generalized sepsis	1 (0.9)	0	0.9 (–2.6 to 4.8)	.98
Chylothorax	3 (2.6)	3 (2.8)	–0.1 (–5.0 to 5.5)	.73
Acute diaphragmatic hernia	1 (0.9)	0	0.9 (–2.6 to 4.8)	.98
Stroke (CVA)	0	1 (0.9)	–0.9 (–2.4 to 5.1)	.98
Clavien-Dindo grade
I	27 (23.7)	25 (23.1)	0.5 (–10.6 to 11.6)	.93
II	5 (4.4)	3 (2.8)	1.6 (–4.1 to 7.4)	.78
IIIa	9 (7.9)	6 (5.6)	2.3 (–4.7 to 9.4)	.49
IIIb	8 (7.0)	9 (8.3)	–1.3 (–6.0 to 8.9)	.71
IVa	2 (1.8)	1 (0.9)	0.8 (–3.5 to 5.3)	.96
IVb	0	0	0	>.99
V	3 (2.6)	1 (0.9)	1.7 (–2.8 to 6.6)	.65
Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb or higher	13 (11.4)	11 (10.2)	1.2 (–7.3 to 9.6)	.77
90-d Postoperative mortality	4 (3.5)	3 (2.8)	0.7 (–4.8 to 6.2)	.94

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; nCRT, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; nCT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; RD, rate difference.

^aCalculated using the Newcombe method.²²