Table 2.

Univariate and multivariable association with superficial surgical site infection, deep surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscess, anastomotic leak, and secondary drainage procedure for all patients

	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Superficial surgical site infection
Age	1.012 (0.987–1.037)	0.362
Gender
Female	Reference	0.781
Male	1.093 (0.585–2.044)
BMI	1.096 (1.055–1.138)	< 0.001	1.088 (1.046–1.133)	< 0.001
Diabetes	1.446 (0.680–3.076)	0.338
Smoking history	0.628 (0.288–1.369)	0.242
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation	0.931 (0.480–1.804)	0.831
Total neoadjuvant therapy	0.935 (0.474–1.846)	0.847
Operative approach
Open	Reference	0.304
Minimally invasive	0.706 (0.364–1.370)	0.206
Hand assisted Operative time	0.579 (0.249–1.350)	0.206 0.002
Operative time	1.004 (1.001–1.006)	0.002	1.003 (1.000–1.006)	0.024
Intraoperative drain	1.875 (0.847–4.153)	0.121
Deep surgical site infection
Age	1.008 (0.978–1.039)	0.611
Gender
Female	Reference	0.780
Male BMI	0.899 (0.428–1.891) 1.059 (1.016–1.104)	0.007	1.088 (1.032–1.147)	0.002
Diabetes	1.441 (0.578–3.596)	0.433
Smoking history	1.753 (0.821–3.742)	0.147
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation	5.100 (1.201–21.650)	0.027	5.695 (0.734–44.197)	0.096
Total neoadjuvant therapy	1.792 (0.843–3.809)	0.129
Operative approach
Open	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	0.045
Minimally invasive	0.153 (0.58–0.408)	0.004	0.289 (0.086–0.974)	0.145
Hand assisted	0.114 (0.027–0.490)		0.313 (0.065–1.495)
Operative time	1.000 (0.996–1.003)	0.821
Intraoperative drain	4.233 (0.970–18.467)	0.055	10.292 (0.975–108.680)	0.053
Intra-abdominal abscess
Age	0.992 (0.973–1.012)	0.425
Gender
Female	Reference	0.192
Male	1.404 (0.843–2.339)
BMI	0.978 (0.940–1.017)	0.263
Diabetes	1.278 (0.693–2.358)	0.432
Smoking history	1.527 (0.921–2.532)	0.101
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation	1.356 (0.763–2.411)	0.299
Total neoadjuvant therapy	1.306 (0.788–2.163)	0.301
Operative approach
Open	Reference	0.965
Minimally invasive	0.988 (0.583–1.675)	0.365
Hand assisted	0.733 (0.374–1.435)
Operative time	1.001 (0.999–1.004)	0.179
Intraoperative drain	1.017 (0.577–1.792)	0.953
Diverting loop ileostomy	0.782 (0.452–1.351)	0.378
Anastomotic leak	19.092 (9.719–37.505)	< 0.001
Age	1.002 (0.980–1.024)	0.876
Gender
Female	Reference	0.001	Reference	0.004
Male	3.157 (1.593–6.254)		2.582 (1.402–5.803)
BMI	1.000 (0.961–1.041)	0.994
Diabetes	2.842 (1.531–5.277)	0.001	3.076 (1.559–6.067)	0.001
Smoking history	2.917 (1.643–5.180)	< 0.001	3.100 (1.666–5.768)	< 0.001
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation	1.410 (0.767–2.593)	0.269
Total neoadjuvant therapy	1.998 (1.095–3.643)	0.024	2.087 (1.095–3.978)	0.025
Operative approach	Reference	0.667
Open	0.874 (0.474–1.612)	0.120
Minimally invasive	0.539 (0.247–1.176)
Hand assisted
Anastomosis distance from anal verge	Reference	0.842
0–6 cm	1.095 (0.449–2.671)	0.711
7–11 cm	1.201 (0.456–3.158)
12–15 cm
Anastomosis type	Reference	0.241
Stapled	0.486 (0.146–1.621)
Hand sewn
Intraoperative drain	1.937 (1.062–3.531)	0.031	1.722(0.910–3.256)	0.095
Diverting loop ileostomy	0.679 (0.382–1.209)	0.188
Secondary drainage procedure
Age	0.994 (0.974–1.014)	0.530
Gender
Female	Reference	0.071
Male	1.637 (0.959–2.792)
BMI	1.010 (0.975–1.047)	0.583
Diabetes	1.586 (0.881–2.856)	0.124
Smoking history	1.321 (0.781–2.235)	0.299
Operative approach
Open	Reference	0.769
Minimally invasive	0.920 (0.528–1.602)	0.769
Hand assisted	1.035 (0.528–1.602)
Operative time	1.003 (1.001–1.005)	0.001	1.001 (0.999–1.004)	0.236
Intraoperative drain	0.665 (0.402–1.101)	0.112
Diverting loop ileostomy	1.013 (0.559–1.835)	0.996
Anastomotic leak	14.227 (7.513–26.942)	< 0.001	14.875 (7.712–28.691)	< 0.001

Italics denote statistical significance