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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resour Conserv Recycl. 2021;164:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105199. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105199

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

For every node in the supply chain network, the ISO (independent system operator) accepts bid prices and capacity limits from the market players (e.g. farmers, fertilizer consumers, federal and state agencies etc.). The ISO then solves the market clearing problem (Eq. 9) to find the clearing prices of the services and the corresponding service allocations.