Table 2.
The effect of exercise training on body composition, exercise capacity, and depression symptoms.
| Control Group (n = 20) | Exercise Group (n = 20) | P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Time per Group | Time | Group | |
| Body weight (kg) | 59.1 (9.3) | 59.2 (9.3) | 61.1 (14.5) | 60.9 (14.6) | .703 | .889 | .637 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 (2.8) | 23.7 (2.8) | 24.0 (4.0) | 24.0 (4.0) | .943 | .705 | .797 |
| Fat (%) | 30.6 (8.0) | 31.2 (8.2) | 27.3 (9.0) | 28.1 (7.3) | .869 | .197 | .210 |
| HR (bpm) | 69.6 (6.2) | 71.6 (8.8) | 70.7 (9.3) | 69.0 (9.7) | .202 | .908 | .735 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120.2 (18.5) | 116.9 (12.9) | 126.3 (15.7) | 119.5 (13.6)* | .441 | .029 | .322 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74.5 (10.7) | 69.7 (8.8) | 75.7 (12.6) | 70.9 (8.6) | .988 | .008 | .661 |
| Workload (watt) | 87.5 (19.0) | 81.3 (16.0) | 87.5 (15.2) | 88.8 (15.1) | .109 | .281 | .425 |
| Peak HR (bpm) | 138.9 (10.0) | 139.9 (8.9) | 137.6 (9.4) | 138.0 (10.9) | .679 | .278 | .606 |
| Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | 19.02 (4.18) | 17.50 (3.39) | 19.24 (4.31) | 21.65 (4.60)* | .001 | .418 | .075 |
| Predicted VO2 (%) | 76.75 (13.88) | 70.40 (14.04)* | 76.35 (19.59) | 85.90 (21.00)* | <.001 | .431 | .149 |
| Peak VE (liters/min) | 41.09 (8.45) | 39.30 (8.17) | 44.50 (10.97) | 47.95 (13.70) | .068 | .556 | .054 |
| O2 pulse (ml/beat) | 8.00 (1.85) | 7.42 (1.77) | 8.71 (2.80) | 9.54 (3.24)* | .009 | .621 | .065 |
| RER (%) | 1.22 (0.11) | 1.25 (0.12) | 1.19 (0.11) | 1.25 (0.13) | .665 | .039 | .679 |
| Energy expenditure (kcal/wk) | 2025.1 (307.3) | 2011.8 (302.5) | 2058.5 (509.6) | 2066.3 (509.5) | .277 | .773 | .742 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 2.0 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.3) | 3.7 (4.0) | 2.2 (3.1)* | .090 | .070 | .273 |
*
Significant difference within group (P < .05). DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HR = heart rate, RER = respiratory exchange ratio, RQ = respiratory quotient, SBP = systolic blood pressure, VO2 = maximal oxygen uptake, VE = minute ventilation.