Table 3.
The effect of exercise training on quality of sleep.
| Control Group (n = 20) | Exercise Group (n = 20) | P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Time per Group | Time | Group | |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | |||||||
| Global score | 11.5 (3.1) | 11.0 (3.2) | 13.3 (3.9) | 5.8 (2.9)* | <.001 | <.001 | .065 |
| Global score > 5 (n, %) | 20, 100% | 19, 95% | 20, 100% | 9, 45%* | .003 | <.001 | .003 |
| Sleep duration | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.2) | 1.0 (0.9)* | <.001 | <.001 | .059 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.2)* | .003 | .001 | .846 |
| Sleep latency | 2.0 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.7)* | <.001 | <.001 | .050 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 0.90 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.8)* | .008 | .008 | .733 |
| Sleep efficiency | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.8)* | <.001 | <.001 | .002 |
| Subjective sleep quality | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.6)* | <.001 | <.001 | .053 |
| Use of sleeping medication | 0.9 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.1)* | .007 | .002 | .002 |
| Self-reported sleep duration (hrs) | 4.8 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.6) | 6.1 (1.1)* | .012 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Self-reported sleep latency (mins) | 29.3 (25.5) | 28.0 (17.7) | 29.1 (21.8) | 11.4 (7.8)* | .028 | .012 | .101 |
| Actigraph | |||||||
| Sleep onset latency (mins) | 23.0 (13.7) | 29.5 (17.3) | 24.6 (16.2) | 16.3 (8.2)* | .004 | .694 | .151 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 0.74 (0.7) | 0.73 (0.5) | 0.78 (0.12) | 0.82 (0.06)* | .088 | .213 | .009 |
| Total sleep time (mins) | 335.1 (40.3) | 328.9 (39.4) | 338.2 (42.3) | 357.9 (86.6) | .271 | .564 | .261 |
| Wake after sleep onset (mins) | 98.6 (31.2) | 94.5 (29.0) | 72.2 (31.8) | 72.6 (27.6) | .500 | .575 | .012 |
*
Significant difference within group (P < .05).