Table 4.
Adolescents’ outpatient visits for sleep disorders and medication days by type and severity of parental injury: unadjusted and adjusted rates of outpatient visits for sleep disorders and sleep medication days.
| Sleep Outpatient Visits IRR (95% CI) | Sleep Medication Days IRR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |
| Physical injury | 1.22 (1.11–1.35) | 1.28 (1.14–1.43) | .87 (.70–1.07) | .99 (.68–1.44) |
| PTSD | 1.27 (1.10–1.46) | 1.36 (1.15–1.60) | .93 (.65–1.34) | 1.09 (.57–2.09) |
| TBI | 1.66 (1.17–2.35) | 1.67 (1.25–2.22) | 1.11 (.72–1.72) | 1.02 (.55–1.89) |
| PTSD and TBI | 1.91 (1.52–2.41) | 1.64 (1.34–2.01) | 2.09 (1.15–3.81) | 2.14 (.95–4.88) |
| Nonbattle injury | 1.33 (1.22–1.46) | 1.36 (1.23–1.50) | 1.00 (.82–1.22) | 1.05 (.74–1.50) |
| Battle injury | 1.52 (.62–3.74) | 2.48 (.89–6.88) | 2.65 (.40–17.5) | 19.1 (3.10–119) |
| Not medically retired | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | 1.31 (1.18–1.45) | .94 (.76–1.16) | 1.05 (.73–1.51) |
| Medically retired | 1.85 (1.54–2.23) | 1.98 (1.61–2.45) | 1.74 (1.10–2.73) | 1.79 (.83–3.88) |
a
Adjusted for adolescent sex, age, parental years deployed, adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and mood disorders. CI = confidence interval, IRR = incidence rate ratio, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder, TBI = traumatic brain injury.