B. subtilis PGA is a human TLR2/6 agonist. 500 μg/ml B. anthracis PGA, B. licheniformis PGA, or B. subtilis PGA was tested in a TLR2 assay with neutralizing polyclonal Abs against TLR1 or TLR6 or normal rat IgG. Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1 were run as TLR1/2-and TLR2/6-positive controls, respectively. Mean data for three experiments are presented as ligand/vehicle ratios ± SEM (n = 3). Statistical significance of signal for each PGA and positive control ligand above its vehicle was determined by t tests comparing the mean treatment/background ratios. Statistical significance of inhibition by the Abs was determined by t tests comparing the mean ligand/vehicle ratios for normal rat IgG treatment versus anti-TLR1 or anti-TLR6 Ab treatment. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Ba, B. anthracis; Bl, B. licheniformis; Bs, B. subtilis.