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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2021 Feb 4;117:106853. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106853

Figure 4. A Two-Year Panel Cross-lagged Path Model with Proximity Exposure Predicting Smoking Behavior.

Figure 4.

Coefficients indicate standardized beta coefficients. Thin dashed arrows represent nonsignificant relationships. Only coefficients for significant relationships are presented. Epsilon indicates error terms. “y1” and “y3” indicate “Year 1” and “Year 3”, respectively. Appendix D presents the full model with its exogenous variables (i.e., age, gender, smoking at home, and socio-economic status). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.