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. 2021 Mar 4;11:627630. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627630

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Copyright © 2021 Müller, Westheider, Birkner, Seelig, Kirschnek, Bogdan and von Loewenich

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MIP-1α (A), RANTES (B) and TNF (C) production in TLR-5-fold^-/-, MyD88^-/-, MyD88^-/- TRIF^-/- and WT Hoxb8 neutrophils at different time points after infection with A. phagocytophilum. MIP-1α, RANTES and TNF were measured in the supernatants using CBA assay. Mean and SD from five (A, C) and four (B) independent experiments are shown, respectively. Differences between the respective gene-deficient Hoxb8 neutrophils and WT control cells at each time point were analyzed using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.