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. 2021 Mar 11;11:5804. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83930-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mouse spleen T cell response upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen. (A) Bar graphs showing quantitated mouse Th1, Th2, and Th17 specific cytokines (picogram/ml) secreted by the T cells isolated from dissected spleens on day 34 re-stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 specific S, N, and M-protein peptide pool. (B) Bar graphs showing the balance of Th1 and Th2 CD4 T cell response. The ratio of IL-12 to IL-4 or IFNg to IL-4 demonstrates Th1–dominant response. (C) Bar graph showing a change in the proportion of immune cell subtypes re-stimulated with the peptide pool (B cell, CD19 + ; T cell, CD3 + ; T helper cell, CD3 + CD4 + and cytotoxic T cell, CD3 + CD8 +). The activation marker of T cells is the upregulation of CD25. (D) Bar graph showing IFNγ spots formed during mouse spleen T cells isolated on day 21 incubated with whole inactive SARS-CoV-2 virus for 72 h. (E) Bar graph showing IFNγ spots formed during mouse spleen T cells isolated on day 34 incubated with SARS-CoV-2 specific S, N, and M-protein peptide pool for 72 h.