Table 1. Participant characteristics.

	Total	Training dataset	Testing dataset
Sample size(n)	166	124	42
Age(years)	41.9 ± 9.6	42.2 ± 9.4	40.8 ± 10.2
Male (n)	65	44	21
Height	164.83 ± 8.35	164.33 ± 8.07	166.30 ± 9.06
Weight	65.63 ± 13.60	65.22 ± 14.08	66.85 ± 12.15
Body fat (%)	27.81 ± 7.92	27.79 ± 7.65	27.86 ± 8.75
V̇O2 max (ml kg−1 min−1)	34.45 ± 8.69	34.06 ± 8.14	35.61 ± 10.15
HR0	86.04 ± 12.78	86.04 ± 12.99	86.02 ± 12.29
ΔHR3- HR0	71.00 ± 13.24	71.10 ± 13.41	70.69 ± 12.87
ΔHR3-HR4	14.64 ± 13.72	14.14 ± 13.94	16.65 ± 14.09

Notes.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

HR0

heart rate at the beginning

ΔHR3-HR0

difference between third minute heart rate and beginning heart rate

ΔHR3-HR4

difference between third minute and fourth minute heart rates