Table 2.

Risk of bias assessment for included randomized controlled clinical trials

Study	Random sequence generatin (Selection bias)	Allocation concealment (Selection bias)	Blinding of participants and personnel (Performance bias)	Blinding of outcome assessment (Detection bias)	Incomplete outcome data (Attrition bias)	Selective reporting (Reporting bias)	Overall quality
Lu et al. [32]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Fair
Kanellos et al. [43]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Good
Saldanha et al. [36]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Good
Taghizadeh et al. [42]	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Good
Torres et al. [118]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	low	Low	Fair
Macedo et al. [45]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Fair
Zunino et al. [38]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Good
Evans et al.	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Good
Amoutzopoulos et al.	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Fair
Noguer et al. [117]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Weak
Pourghassem et al. [44]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Fair
Mellen et al. [119]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Good
Estruch et al .[115]	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Good
Lafay et al. [116]	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Good
Hollis et al. [37]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Fair
Rankin et al. [39]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Fair
Avellone et al. [114]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Weak