TABLE 2.

Four Key Supply Chain Solutions Designed for Community Health, 2 Counties in Kenya

Supply Chain Solution	Old Solution	Problems Addressed
1. Paper-based stock record: redesigned to be highly visual, with circles for tallying, illustrations of the product and disease/condition	Paper-based stock record used in Siaya County, Kenya, that was in English with no illustrations	CHVs' low literacy levels CHVs verbally reporting to supervisors CHVs incorrectly recording data Lack of standardized tool used by all communities to report on logistics data
2. cStock smartphone application: Redesign of the application that includes simplified navigation, context appropriate language, audio prompts, and visual cues	Original cStock smartphone application designed for Siaya County, Kenya	CHVs' illiteracy and language barriers CHVs' lack of understanding of supply chain terms and concepts CHVs' login challenges/user friendliness
3. CHV supervisor smartphone application: New cStock application for the CHV supervisors designed to be used to enter data for low literacy CHVs and to validate data plus allow for alternative supply arrangements during migration	Informal processes already in place	CHVs' with low tech capacity and low literacy levels had difficulty with data entry and data quality monitoring Supervisors previously reporting on CHVs' behalf but in a nonsystemized way
4. USSD reporting system: Hybrid USSD and SMS reporting structure to be used by CHVs to report on supply chain data via a feature phone, eventually reiterated to be only USSD reporting	SMS only system used in Siaya County, Kenya	Some CHVs lacking smart phones CHVs' challenges entering symbols for structured SMS option CHVs' difficulty with case-sensitive SMS structure USSD only option has a time-out feature

Abbreviations: CHV, community health volunteer; SMS, short message service; USSD, unstructured supplementary service data.