Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Neuromedicine. 2018;3(5):13–18. doi: 10.29245/2572.942x/2018/5.1220

Table 4.

Glucose lowering drugs reported at baseline in the ACCORD Type 2 diabetes trial, mechanisms of action, and potential effects on body weight.

Agent Examples Mechanism of Action Effect on Body Weight
Meglitinides Repaglinide (Prandin) ATPK inhibitor Increase
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose, miglitol Inhibit breakdown of CHOs No effect
Sulfonylureas Orinase (tolbutamide), tolinase (tolazamide), diabinese (chlorpropamide), glucotrol (glipizide), glucotrol XL, micronase, Diabeta (glyburide), glynase (micronized gly), amaryl (glimepiride) ATPK inhibitor; Stimulate beta cells in pancreas to increase insulin Increase
Biguanides metformin Decrease gluconeogenesis, AMPK activator Decrease
Thiazolidinediones PPAR-gamma agonists Increase
Insulins Regular, glargine, NPH, UL, L, Lispro, Aspart Nutrient sensing hormone Increase

CHOs=carbohydrates

Medications for ageing-related comorbidities used to treat, for example, Type 2 diabetes, have differential effects on body weight gain and loss and should be considered when monitoring body weight loss in association with the progression of CI and LOD.