Table 1.
Reported cases of chronic disc edema causing a secondary peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane and of peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane causing secondary disc edema
| Author, year | Patients | CNVM laterality | BCVA in affected eye | Examination findings | Ophthalmic investigations | Treatment | Visual outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNVM secondary to papilledema | |||||||
| Morse et al., 1981[9] | 1 | Bilateral | 20/20 OU with worsening to 20/200 OS after 1 month | Disc edema OU, SRH, SRF, subretinal fibrosis extending to fovea OS | IVFA | Observation | 20/25 OU (11 months) |
| Wendel et al., 2006[10] | 6 | Unilateral | Unknown in 5 cases; 1 patient CF (eye unspecified) | Disc edema OU | IVFA | Observation (3), ALP (2), PDT (1) | Variable (20/20– 20/200) (mean 11 months) |
| Sathornsumetee et al., 2006[11] | 1 | Unilateral (OS) | 20/30 OD 20/300 OS | Disc edema OU; SRH OS | IVFA | Declined treatment | 20/30 OD 20/300 OS (9 months) |
| Jamerson et al., 2009[12] | 1 | Unilateral (OS) | 20/20 OD 20/25 OS with worsening to 20/25 OD 20/400 after 1 week | Disc edema OU; SRF, SRH in OS | SD-OCT, IVFA | IVB | 20/20 OD 20/25 OS (10 months) |
| Belliveau et al., 2013[13] | 1 | Unilateral (OD) | 20/200 OD 20/30 OS | Disc edema OU; SRH, IRH, SFH OS | SD-OCT, IVFA | IVB | 20/40 OD 20/30 OS |
| Lee et al., 2013[14] | 1 | Unilateral (OS) | 20/20 OD 20/80 OS | Disc edema OU; SRH and SFH OS | SD-OCT, IVFA | IVB | 20/20 OU (3.5 years) |
| Kumar et al., 2018[15] | 1 | Bilateral | 20/30 CF at 1 foot OS | Disc edema OU; SRF, SRH in OS | SS-OCT, IVFA | IVR | 20/20 OU (3 months) |
| Ozgonul et al., 2019[16] | 10 | 3 bilateral, 7 unilateral (13 eyes) | Variable (20/20 to HM) | Disc edema OU; SRH, SRF | SD-OCT only (5), SD-OCT + IVF (2), IVF only (3) | Observation (7), IVB (4), IVA and IVB (1), IVR (1) | Variable (20/20– 20/400) (3–56 months) |
| Disc edema secondary to CNVM | |||||||
| Browning and Fraser, 2005[4] | 1 | Unilateral (OS) | 20/25 OD 20/100 OS | Peripapillary SRH and disc edema | IVFA | ALP | 20/20 OD 20/60 OS (7 months) |
| Hawy et al.[17] In press | 1 | Unilateral (OS) | 20/20 OU | Disc edema OS | SD-OCT, IVFA | Observation | 20/20 OU (40 months) |
BCVA=Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity at distance, OD=Right eye, OS=Left eye, OU=Both eyes, CF=Counting Fingers, HM=Hand motion, ft=Feet; for examination findings, SRH=Subretinal hemorrhage, SRF=Subretinal fluid, SFH=Subfoveal hemorrhage, IRH=Intraretinal hemorrhage, for ophthalmic investigations, SS-OCT=Swept-source ocular coherence tomography, SD-OCT=Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, IVFA=Intravenous fluorescein angiogram; for treatment, IVA=Intravitreal aflibercept, IVB=intravitreal bevacizumab, IVR=Intravitreal ranibizumab, PDT=Photodynamic therapy, ALP=Argon laser photocoagulation, CNVM=Choroidal neovascular membrane