Table 1.

Demographic and medical characteristics of study population

Characteristics	PENFS Treatment (n = 12)	Standard Therapy Control (n = 9)	P Value
Age, mean years	50 ± 9.78	48.56 ± 10.08	0.68
Gender
Female	6 (50%)	6 (67%)	0.47
Male	6 (50%)	3 (33%)	—
Race
Caucasian	7 (58%)	4 (44%)	0.55
African American	5 (42%)	5 (56%)	—
Ethnicity
Hispanic	1 (9%)	1 (11%)	0.84
Non-Hispanic	10 (83%)	8 (89%)	—
Unknown	1 (8%)	0 (0%)	—
Baseline pain scores, mean DVPRS	6.42 ± 1.64	8 ± 1.52	0.04*
Baseline sit-to-stand	8.67 ± 4.48	6.44 ± 3.21	0.22
Baseline bicep curls
Left	18.92 ± 7.20	15.33 ± 7.66	0.29
Right	18.58 ± 6.51	14.89 ± 7.27	0.24

PENFS = percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation; DVPRS = Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale.

^* P<0.05. Means are reported with 95% confidence intervals (mean ± 1.96 standard deviation).