Table 4. Association of ACEI/ARB alone with COVID-19 infection and severity.
| Outcome variable | ACEI/ARB | Odds | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 infection (Positive/Negative) | ACEI only | 0.917 | (0.887, 0.948) | <0.001 | |
| ARB only | 0.941 | (0.902, 0.982) | 0.005 | ||
| Hospitalization (including ICU, ventilator, or death) | ACEI only | 1.150 | (1.055, 1.253) | 0.001 | |
| ARB only | 1.061 | (0.952, 1.182) | 0.288 | ||
| Death | ACEI only | 0.919 | (0.819, 1.030) | 0.147 | |
| ARB only | 0.886 | (0.767, 1.024) | 0.102 | ||
| Severity | Hospitalization (excluding ICU or ventilator) | ACEI only | 1.111 | (0.977, 1.264) | 0.107 |
| ICU | ACEI only | 1.138 | (0.942, 1.374) | 0.180 | |
| Ventilator | ACEI only | 1.265 | (1.010, 1.584) | 0.041 | |
| Hospitalization (excluding ICU or ventilator) | ARB only | 1.043 | (0.885, 1.229) | 0.614 | |
| ICU | ARB only | 1.054 | (0.831, 1.336) | 0.666 | |
| Ventilator | ARB only | 1.029 | (0.769, 1.377) | 0.845 | |
Note: Results were adjusted by race, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, pulmonary disease, kidney disease, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD), chronic liver disease, hyperlipidemia, HIV, cancer, smoking status, chronic neurological disease, stroke, heart failure, asplenia, alcohol dependency, drug dependency, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and body mass index.