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Behavioral task and experimental design. (A) Experimental timeline. (B) Overview of experimental groups. Groups received different paradigms of VNS paired with behavioral training: 100 pairings at a moderate intensity (Standard VNS), 100 pairings of interleaved moderate and high intensity stimulation (Interleaved VNS), 50 parings at a moderate intensity (Short VNS), or equivalent behavioral training with without VNS (Sham). Stimulation occurred at 8 second intervals.
