Table 5. Prevalence of extracardiac anomalies by type of congenital heart disease (live birth only).
| No | Type | N | ECM a | Chromosomal anomaly b | 22q11.2 microdeletion b | ECA c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heterotaxy, including isomerism and mirror-imagery | 19 | 8 (42.1) | 0/12 (0) | 0/7 (0) | 8 (42.1) |
| 2 | Anomalies of the venous return | 14 | 3 (21.4) | 0/3 (0) | 0/0 | 3 (21.4) |
| 3 | Anomalies of the atria and interatrial communications | 25 | 6 (24.0) | 2/8 (25.0) | 0/3 (0) | 8 (32.0) |
| 4 | Anomalies of the atrioventricular junctions and valves | 37 | 10 (27.0) | 4/17 (23.5) | 0/5 (0) | 12 (32.4) |
| 5 | Complex anomalies of atrioventricular connections | 5 | 0 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 0/0 | 0 (0) |
| 6 | Functionally univentricular hearts | 31 | 5 (16.1) | 2/17 (11.8) | 0/12 (0) | 5 (16.1) |
| 7 | Ventricular septal defects | 47 | 12 (25.5) | 3/21 (14.3) | 0/7 (0) | 14 (29.8) |
| 8 | Anomalies of the ventricular outflow tracts | 169 | 43 (25.4) | 10/107 (9.3) | 3/76 (3.9) | 50 (29.6) |
| 9 | Anomalies of the extrapericardial arterial trunks | 63 | 17 (27.0) | 1/30 (3.3) | 3/19 (15.8) | 17 (27.0) |
| 10 | Other unclassified anomalies | 10 | 4 (40.0) | 0/2 (0) | 0/0 | 4 (40.0) |
| Total | 420 | 108 (25.7) | 22/219 (10.0) | 6/129 (4.7) | 121 (28.8) |
Data are shown in number (%).
ECM, extracardiac malformations; ECA, extracardiac anomalies.
a extracardiac malformations, defined as extracardiac structural malformation.
b denominators were those who underwent the examination during either prenatal or postnatal periods.
c extracardiac anomalies, defined as having any ECM or chromosomal anomaly or 22q11.2 microdeletion.