Fig. 7.
IVW Mendelian randomization estimates and age-, sex-, and BMI-adjusted multivariable regression estimates for the associations between chronotype and 113 NMR-derived metabolomic measures. Results are the difference in mean metabolite concentrations (in standard deviation units) between those reporting an evening versus morning preference. Abbreviations: AMV, adjusted (age, sex, BMI) multivariable regression; BMI, body mass index; IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein; IVW MR, inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; VLDL, very large density lipoprotein