Table 2.

Haemodynamic variables at different study steps

		Baseline 1 (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	PLR (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	P PLR versus baseline 1	Baseline 2 (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	Vt challenge (Vt = 8 mL/kg)	P Vt challenge versus baseline 2	Baseline 3 (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	After VE (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	P After VE versus baseline 3
HR (beats/min)
Preload responders		85 ± 18	77 ± 11	0.10	85 ± 17	88 ± 19	0.65	84 ± 17	90 ± 15	0.37
Preload non-responders		74 ± 18	74 ± 19	1.95	74 ± 18	75 ± 22	0.89
SAP (mmHg)
Preload responders		118 ± 17	124 ± 21	0.40	119 ± 17	116 ± 19	0.65	120 ± 17	129 ± 13	0.11
Preload non-responders		128 ± 16	126 ± 19	0.76	128 ± 16	130 ± 16	0.73
MAP (mmHg)
Preload responders		75 ± 12	79 ± 14	0.41	76 ± 12	75 ± 14	0.85	79 ± 13	83 ± 10	0.35
Preload non-responders		87 ± 12	86 ± 12	0.82	87 ± 12	85 ± 8	0.59
DAP (mmHg)
Preload responders		57 ± 10	59 ± 12	0.62	57 ± 11	59 ± 15	0.68	56 ± 11	58 ± 9	0.59
Preload non-responders		61 ± 10	60 ± 8	0.76	62 ± 9	69 ± 10	0.06
CVP (mmHg)
Preload responders		10 ± 3	11 ± 3	< 0.01	9 ± 5	10 ± 5	< 0.01	11 ± 3	12 ± 6	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		10 ± 2	12 ± 3	< 0.01	12 ± 4	11 ± 4	< 0.01
IAP (mmHg)
Preload responders		8 ± 3	7 ± 4	0.04	8 ± 3	8 ± 3	1.00	6 ± 2	6 ± 2	1.00
Preload non-responders		7 ± 4	6 ± 3	0.06	7 ± 3	7 ± 3	0.98
CI (L/min/m2)
Preload responders		3.0 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 1.3	< 0.01	3.0 ± 1.3	2.7 ± 1.1	< 0.01	2.8 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 1.2	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		3.0 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 0.9	0.78	3.0 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 0.8	0.39
Pplat (cmH2O)
Preload responders		22.2 ± 6.2	22.2 ± 6.2	1.00	22.2 ± 6.2	24.5 ± 5.4	0.01	22.3 ± 6.1	22.3 ± 6.1	1.00
Preload non-responders		22.9 ± 4.6	22.9 ± 4.6	1.00	22.9 ± 4.6	24.8 ± 5.2	0.01
PEEP (cmH2O)
Preload responders		10.7 ± 3.6	10.7 ± 3.6	1.00	10.7 ± 3.6	10.7 ± 3.6	1.00	10.7 ± 3.6	10.7 ± 3.6	1.00
Preload non-responders		10.4 ± 3.0	10.4 ± 3.0	1.00	10.4 ± 3.0	10.4 ± 3.0	1.00
Driving pressure (cmH2O)
Preload responders		11.5 ± 2.2	11.7 ± 2.3	0.90	11.5 ± 2.2	13.8 ± 1.9	0.03	11.5 ± 2.2	11.5 ± 2.2	1.00
Preload non-responders		12.3 ± 2.2	12.4 ± 2.2	0.95	12.3 ± 2.2	14.4 ± 2.4	0.01
PPV (%)
Preload responders		8 ± 3	5 ± 2	< 0.01	8 ± 3	13 ± 4	< 0.01	8 ± 2	4 ± 2	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		6 ± 3	6 ± 3	0.08	7 ± 3	6 ± 3	0.84
SVV (%)
Preload responders		8 ± 2	6 ± 2	< 0.01	8 ± 2	12 ± 3	< 0.01	8 ± 2	5 ± 2	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		6 ± 3	6 ± 3	0.43	6 ± 3	5 ± 2	0.31
IVCDV (%)
Preload responders		9 ± 3	7 ± 2	0.01	10 ± 2	15 ± 3	< 0.01	8 ± 2	6 ± 3	0.04
Preload non-responders		7 ± 3	6 ± 2	0.22	7 ± 3	6 ± 3	0.17
IVC max diam (cm)
Preload responders		2.0 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.2	< 0.01	1.9 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.2	0.26	1.9 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.3	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		2.0 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.4	0.02	2.3 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.3	0.84
VTI (cm)
Preload responders		20 ± 4	24 ± 6	0.01	21 ± 5	18 ± 6	0.04	20 ± 4	25 ± 5	< 0.01
Preload non-responders		21 ± 4	21 ± 4	0.89	21 ± 4	21 ± 4	0.89
EVLW (mL/Kg)
Preload responders		14 ± 7			14 ± 7			14 ± 6	13 ± 5	0.62
Preload non-responders		13 ± 4			13 ± 4
PVPI
Preload responders		2.6 ± 1.0			2.7 ± 1.0			2.7 ± 1.2	2.6 ± 1.0	0.81
Preload non-responders		2.5 ± 1.0			2.6 ± 1.0
GEDV (mL/m2)
Preload responders		725 ± 142			645 ± 100			695 ± 124	794 ± 135	0.04
Preload non-responders		821 ± 125			820 ± 178
CFI (−1)
Preload responders		4.1 ± 1.5			4.2 ± 1.7			4.2 ± 1.6	4.2 ± 1.6	0.85
Preload non-responders		4.5 ± 2.1			4.2 ± 1.6

P values in bold: < 0.05

CI cardiac index, CFI cardiac function index, CVP central venous pressure, DAP diastolic arterial pressure, EVLW extravascular vascular lung water indexed for body weight, GEDV global end-diastolic volume indexed for body surface, HR heart rate, IAP intra-abdominal pressure, IVC inferior vena cava, IVCDV: inferior vena cava variation, MAP mean arterial pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PLR passive leg raising, Pplat plateau pressure, PPV pulse pressure variation, PVPI pulmonary vascular permeability index, SAP systolic arterial pressure, SVV stroke volume variation, VE volume expansion, Vt tidal volume, VTI velocity time integral