Table 3.

Indices of preload responsiveness at different study times in preload responders and non-responders

		Effects of PLR (Vt = 6 mL/kg)	Effects of the Vt challenge (Vt = 8 mL/kg)	Effects of VE (Vt = 6 mL/kg)
ΔCI (% change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		18 ± 6 4 ± 4	− 9 ± 8 2 ± 6	25 ± 9
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔVTI (% change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		16 ± 3 1 ± 1	− 10 ± 7 1 ± 7	+ 16 ± 8
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔPPV (% change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 38 ± 16 − 4 ± 8	64 ± 42 1 ± 28	− 50 ± 12
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔPPV (absolute change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 3 ± 1 0 ± 1	5 ± 2 0 ± 1	− 4 ± 2
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔSVV (% change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 24 ± 20 1 ± 15	44 ± 22 − 1 ± 3	− 40 ± 17
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔSVV (absolute change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 2 ± 2 0 ± 1	3 ± 2 − 1 ± 3	− 4 ± 2
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		< 0.01	< 0.01
ΔIVCDV (% change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 26 ± 28 − 3 ± 20	91 ± 72 − 10 ± 52	− 25 ± 15
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		0.02	< 0.01
ΔIVCDV (absolute change)
Preload responders Preload non-responders		− 2 ± 3 − 1 ± 2	6 ± 4 − 1 ± 4	− 2 ± 4
P preload non-responders versus preload responders		0.51	< 0.01

P values in bold: < 0.05

ΔCI percent changes in cardiac index, ΔIVCDV percent changes in the inferior vena cava diameter variation, ΔPPV percent changes in pulse pressure variation, ΔSVV percent changes in stroke volume variation, ΔVTI percent changes in velocity time integral