Table 1.

Activity categories recorded for attending interactions with learners.

Implicit teaching:

Case discussion: The attending actively engages the learner in discussion about a case with back-and-forth conversation, but without didactically imparting new knowledge or providing clear instruction on topics related to a case.

Explicit teaching:

Case-based teaching: The attending provides clear didactic instruction using content of a case, novel information pertaining to a case, or a description of how they would personally handle a case.

Bedside teaching: The attending provides clear educational instruction to the learner at the patient’s bedside using the content of the patient’s presentation and/or physical exam findings.

Procedural teaching: The attending directly teaches and supervises a learner in how to perform a bedside procedure, including ultrasound.

Topic-based teaching: The attending provides formal didactic education to a learner about a topic not related to a case seen with that learner.

Not considered teaching:

Case listening: The attending purely listens to a case presentation from a learner without giving any input.