Table 2.
Baseline prognostic factors stratified by levels of COVID-19 severitya among all patients
| Prognostic factor | No complications |
Admitted to hospital |
Admitted to ICU |
Received mechanical ventilation |
Died within 30 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2072, 42%) | (n = 1675, 34%) | (n = 232, 5%) | (n = 292, 6%) | (n = 695, 14%) | |
| Median ageb, years (IQR) | 61 (50-70) | 69 (59-78) | 66.5 (58-76) | 66 (57-72.25) | 75 (66-83) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1193 (58) | 832 (50) | 109 (47) | 111 (38) | 282 (41) |
| Male | 879 (42) | 841 (50) | 123 (53) | 180 (62) | 413 (59) |
| Missing/unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (<1) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | 0 (0) |
| Race and ethnicityc | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1100 (53) | 802 (48) | 116 (50) | 125 (43) | 342 (49) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 369 (18) | 389 (23) | 51 (22) | 76 (26) | 183 (26) |
| Hispanic | 328 (16) | 239 (14) | 27 (12) | 46 (16) | 82 (12) |
| Other | 217 (10) | 211 (13) | 36 (16) | 38 (13) | 76 (11) |
| Missing/unknown | 58 (3) | 34 (2) | 2 (1) | 7 (2) | 12 (2) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1248 (60) | 842 (50) | 105 (45) | 154 (53) | 266 (38) |
| Ever | 764 (37) | 768 (46) | 113 (49) | 126 (43) | 390 (56) |
| Missing/unknown | 60 (3) | 65 (4) | 14 (6) | 12 (4) | 39 (6) |
| Obesity status | |||||
| Not obese | 1293 (62) | 1125 (67) | 148 (64) | 165 (57) | 489 (70) |
| Obese | 756 (36) | 538 (32) | 82 (35) | 125 (43) | 203 (29) |
| Missing/unknown | 23 (1) | 12 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (<1) |
| Comorbiditiesc | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 393 (19) | 629 (38) | 96 (41) | 110 (38) | 354 (51) |
| Pulmonary | 323 (16) | 414 (25) | 65 (28) | 67 (23) | 222 (32) |
| Renal disease | 179 (9) | 331 (20) | 49 (21) | 63 (22) | 209 (30) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 385 (19) | 540 (32) | 82 (35) | 113 (39) | 265 (38) |
| Missing/unknown | 30 (1) | 15 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) | 5 (1) |
| ECOG performance status | |||||
| 0 | 1004 (48) | 476 (28) | 65 (28) | 96 (33) | 90 (13) |
| 1 | 499 (24) | 490 (29) | 62 (27) | 79 (27) | 166 (24) |
| ≥2 | 115 (6) | 328 (20) | 50 (22) | 35 (12) | 278 (40) |
| Unknown | 449 (22) | 378 (23) | 54 (23) | 80 (27) | 160 (23) |
| Missing | 5 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) | 1 (<1) |
| Type of malignancyc | |||||
| Solid tumor | 1744 (84) | 1361 (81) | 167 (72) | 213 (73) | 536 (77) |
| Hematological neoplasm | 373 (18) | 368 (22) | 74 (32) | 91 (31) | 191 (27) |
| Cancer status | |||||
| Remission | 1173 (57) | 831 (50) | 125 (54) | 148 (51) | 269 (39) |
| Active and responding | 262 (13) | 194 (12) | 17 (7) | 27 (9) | 56 (8) |
| Active and stable | 344 (17) | 275 (16) | 38 (16) | 48 (16) | 108 (16) |
| Active and progressing | 153 (7) | 243 (15) | 23 (10) | 32 (11) | 162 (23) |
| Unknown | 139 (7) | 129 (8) | 29 (12) | 34 (12) | 95 (14) |
| Missing | 1 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 5 (1) |
| Timing of anticancer therapy | |||||
| Never treated | 159 (8) | 144 (9) | 21 (9) | 26 (9) | 63 (9) |
| 0-4 weeks | 697 (34) | 530 (32) | 66 (28) | 96 (33) | 220 (32) |
| 1-3 months | 139 (7) | 130 (8) | 14 (6) | 15 (5) | 77 (11) |
| >3 months | 1012 (49) | 793 (47) | 113 (49) | 137 (47) | 289 (42) |
| Missing/unknown | 65 (3) | 78 (5) | 18 (8) | 18 (6) | 46 (7) |
| Modality of active anticancer therapyc,d | |||||
| None | 1171 (57) | 953 (57) | 142 (61) | 167 (57) | 374 (54) |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 305 (15) | 293 (17) | 29 (12) | 31 (11) | 144 (21) |
| Immunotherapy | 108 (5) | 75 (4) | 15 (6) | 11 (4) | 39 (6) |
| Targeted therapy | 264 (13) | 243 (15) | 34 (15) | 48 (16) | 104 (15) |
| Endocrine therapy | 252 (12) | 149 (9) | 11 (5) | 24 (8) | 47 (7) |
| Locoregional therapy | 173 (8) | 140 (8) | 20 (9) | 24 (8) | 65 (9) |
| Other | 15 (1) | 9 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 7 (1) |
| Missing/unknown | 65 (3) | 63 (4) | 10 (4) | 14 (5) | 24 (3) |
| Anti-COVID-19 treatmentc | |||||
| None | 1752 (85) | 744 (44) | 54 (23) | 44 (15) | 222 (32) |
| Remdesivir | <5 (<1) | 210 (13) | 72 (31) | 69 (24) | 84 (12) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 32 (2) | 380 (23) | 57 (25) | 122 (42) | 238 (34) |
| Corticosteroids | 73 (4) | 281 (17) | 92 (40) | 104 (36) | 158 (23) |
| Other | 142 (7) | 465 (28) | 100 (43) | 175 (60) | 284 (41) |
| Missing/unknown | 112 (5) | 84 (5) | 11 (5) | 14 (5) | 38 (5) |
| Country of patient residence | |||||
| United States | 2004 (97) | 1573 (94) | 221 (95) | 282 (97) | 659 (95) |
| Outside United States | 68 (3) | 102 (6) | 11 (5) | 10 (3) | 36 (5) |
| Month of COVID-19 diagnosis | |||||
| January-April | 627 (30) | 651 (39) | 75 (32) | 163 (56) | 411 (59) |
| May-August | 1177 (57) | 842 (50) | 129 (56) | 115 (39) | 245 (35) |
| September-November | 222 (11) | 148 (9) | 26 (11) | 6 (2) | 31 (4) |
| Missing/unknown | 46 (2) | 34 (2) | 2 (1) | 8 (3) | 8 (1) |
Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. The ‘Missing/unknown’ category indicates either missingness due to nonresponse for optional survey questions or a response of unknown; an unknown category was provided for all survey questions.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Five-level ordinal scale based on a patient's most severe reported disease status. For example, patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit without mechanical ventilation and did not die within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis are classified as ‘admitted to intensive care unit’, whereas patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and did not die within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis are classified as ‘received mechanical ventilation’.
For patients younger than 18 years, age was truncated to 18 years; for patients older than 89 years, age was truncated to 90 years.
Percentages could sum to >100% because categories are not mutually exclusive.
Within 3 months of COVID-19 diagnosis.