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Influence of different administration routes on the immune effect of bionic-virus nanovaccine. (a) Schematic diagram of grouping mice with different administration methods. (b) Immunofluorescence staining of lung sections. Scale bars, 100 μm. (c-e) Secretion levels of TNF-α (c), IFN-γ (d) and IFN-β (e) in BALF. (f) Relative quantification of F4/80+CD80+ AMs in BALF. (I: PBS, II: Intramuscular Injection, III: Intraperitoneal Injection, IV: Nasal Delivery).
